Transcript Toxics Use Reduction Institute Tools for Substitution How to find an alternative cleaning product that will work for you – both for performance and.

Toxics Use Reduction Institute
Tools for Substitution
How to find an alternative cleaning
product that will work for you – both for
performance and safety
Selecting an Alternative
• When choosing an alternative
– Don’t shift the risk
• From worker to environment
OR
• From environment to worker
– Ex. Replacing flammable solvent with a ozone
depleting chemical
– Want to select a product that is safer for one
or the other
• Would be best if safer for both
What are Indicators at
TURI’s Lab?
• The lab uses five criteria for screening
products
– Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
– Global Warming Potential (GWPs)
– Ozone Depletion Potential (ODPs)
– Hazardous Material Information System/
National Fire Protection Association
(HMIS/NFPA)
– pH
How to Use the Indicators
• Incorporate into the product selection
process
• Each product assessed using indicators
• Why These Five Indicators?
Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOC)
• Chemicals that
evaporate easily at room
temperature
– The term “organic”
indicates that the
compounds contain
carbon
– VOC exposures are often
associated with an odor
while other times there is
no odor
• Both can be harmful
– There are thousands of
different VOCs produced
and used daily
• Acute
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Eye irritation / watering
Nose irritation
Throat irritation
Headaches
Nausea / Vomiting
Dizziness
Asthma exacerbation
• Chronic
–
–
–
–
Cancer
Liver damage
Kidney damage
Central Nervous System
damage
VOCs
• Source control
– Eliminate products that have high levels of
VOCs
– Purchase new products that contain low or
no VOCs
• (Environmentally Preferable Purchasing)
Global Warming Potential
(GWPs)
• GWP
– Used to compare the ability of different
greenhouse gases to trap heat in the
atmosphere
– Based on
• Heat-absorbing ability of the gas relative to base
chemical
carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Decay rate of each gas relative to CO2
GWPs
• Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the
atmosphere
– Include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, and ozone
• Others result from human activities
– Very powerful greenhouse gases that are
generated in a variety of industrial processes,
including cleaning processes
Ozone Depletion Potential
(ODPs)
• Ozone layer screens out the sun’s harmful
ultraviolet radiation
– Small amounts of ozone are constantly being made
by the action of sunlight on oxygen
– At the same time, ozone is being broken down by
natural processes
– The total amount of ozone usually stays constant
because its formation and destruction occur at
about the same rate
– Human activity has recently changed that natural
balance
ODPs
• The ratio of the amount of ozone depletion of a
chemical compared to the amount of ozone
depletion of the same mass of CFC-11
• Certain manufactured substances can destroy
stratospheric ozone much faster than it is
formed
Hazardous Material Information System/
National Fire Protection Association
(HMIS/NFPA)
• HMIS
– Hazard Communication
standard requires
employers to evaluate
materials and inform
employees of the hazards
– Developed by comparing
information on the health
hazard, flammability, and
physical hazard of the
product to a set of criteria
for each hazard category
• NFPA
– Originally developed this
set of hazard rankings for
their own purposes
– The rankings have proven
to be very useful in the
chemical industry
HMIS/NFPA
• HMIS/NFPA
– Health
– Fire
– Reactivity/Instability
• Lab attempts to use
products with a
hazard less than 3
•
•
•
•
•
4 = Severe Hazard
3 = Serious Hazard
2 = Moderate Hazard
1 = Slight Hazard
0 = Minimal Hazard
pH Readings
• Provides a measure on a scale from 0 to
14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
–=7
– <7
– >7
neutral
acidic
basic
• Try to avoid
– >11
– <3
very basic, likely to cause corrosion
and/or tissue damage
a strong acid
pH
• Neutral substances receive the highest
Individual Indicator points
• Both very acidic and very basic are both
avoided
Guidelines
VOC content (g/l)
0-24
Good
25-49
Good
50-74
GWP Values
GWP = 0
Good
Okay
GWP = 1
(CO2)
Okay
75-99
Okay
All others =
Poor
100-149
Okay
150-199
Fair
200-299
Fair
300
Poor
>300
Poor
ODP Values
ODP = 0
Good
All others =
Poor
Guidelines
pH
HMIS/NFPA Point Assessment
0-1.0
Poor
H-0 F-0 R-0
Good
1.1-2.4
Poor
H-0 F-0 R-1, H-0 F-1 R-0
Good
2.5-2.9
Fair
H-1 F-1 R-0, H-2 F-0 R-0
Good
3.0-4.0
Okay
H-1 F-1 R-1, H-2 F-1 R-0
Okay
4.1-5.9
Okay
H-3 F-0 R-0
Poor
6.0-6.4
Good
H-2 F-2 R-0, H-1 F-2 R-1
Okay
6.5-7.5
Good
H-1 F-3 R-0
Poor
7.6-8.9
Good
H-2 F-2 R-1
Fair
9.0-9.9
Okay
H-1 F-3 R-1, H-2 F-3 R-0
Poor
10-11.4
Okay
H-2 F-2 R-2
Fair
11.5-11.9
Fair
H-3 F-3 R-0
Poor
12-12.4
Poor
H-3 F-3 R-1, H-3 F-3 R-2
Poor
12.5-12.9
Poor
13-14
Poor
Example Screening Values
Product Name
Indicator
Value
Comments
Perchloroethylene
VOC
1620g/l
High
GWP
0
Good
ODP
0
Good
HMIS H
2
HMIS F
0
HMIS R
0
pH
NA
Good
Indicator
Value
Comments
VOC
1.1 g/l
Good
GWP
0
Good
ODP
0
Good
HMIS H
1
HMIS F
0
HMIS R
0
pH
11.6
Product Name
Brulin Formula
815 GD
• Solvent
Okay
Good
Okay
• Alkaline
Aqueous
Other Indicators
• Further analysis should be conducted to
verify that the selected products are
compatible with your process
• Determine if there are any health risks
that the screening does not address
Other Possible Indicators
• Aquatic Toxicity
• Biodegradability
• Carcinogens,
Mutagens or
Teratogens
• Concentration
• Disposal
• Endocrine disruptors
• Eutrophication
• Fragrances and Dyes
• Life Cycle Assessment
• Neurotoxins/CNS
Depressants
• Packaging
• Recyclability
• Reproductive Toxicity
Simple Solutions for Surface
Cleaning
• Having established a screening system for
products in the lab
– SSL has widened its selection methodology to
incorporate both product performance and safety
– Products are screened simultaneously yielding
• List of products that have been proven to work
• The products are potentially safer than the current
cleaning formulation
• Results of testing available through web-based
tool
Find a Safer, Effective Alternative
• Simple Solutions Database
– Used to identify safer and effective products
• Safety Scores
– VOC, ODP, GWP, HMIS/NFPA, pH
• Matching Performance
– Contaminant, substrate, equipment, current solvent
• www.cleanersolutions.org/SimpleSolutions
Simple Solutions Database
• From the testing performed at SSL
– Performances of industrial and institutional
cleaning products
– Database system was created so that
access to this resource could be performed
easily and quickly
– The data is field-searchable by surface
contaminants, surface substrates, cleaning
equipment and solvents replaced
Search Methods
•
•
•
•
•
Contaminant Search
Solvent Replaced
Product/Vendor Search
Browse Clients
Browse Vendors
Questions?
• Simple Solutions On-line Database:
http://www.cleanersolutions.org/SimpleSolutions/
Contact Information
Jason Marshall
Manger of Laboratory Testing
Surface Solutions Lab
Toxics Use Reduction Institute
[email protected]
978-934-3133