Transcript RFoG. Beginnings, today, and what the future holds. SCTE Piedmont Chapter, July 2015 Douglas Pieri, Staff Solutions Engineer.

RFoG. Beginnings, today, and what the
future holds.
SCTE Piedmont Chapter, July 2015
Douglas Pieri, Staff Solutions Engineer
RFoG History
• RFoG is the result of SCTE’s Interface Practices Subcommittee Working Group 5
That defined the specifications and operation of the subscriber ONU device.
• “Defines a fiber-to-the-home system optimized for compatibility with HFC plant,
using the same end equipment at both the home and the HE or Hub.”
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Traditional HFC compared to RFoG
1 GHz HFC System at 256 HHP Per Physical Node
Coax
Segment
~64 HHP Per Segment
54 MHz -1 GHz
5 MHz - 42 MHz
1 GHz RFoG System at 32 HHP Per Optical Segment
54 MHz -1 GHz
1 – 32 HHP
1550 nm
WDM
Mux
5 MHz - 42 MHz
1610 nm
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Uses Existing Coax Wiring
& CPE “just like today”
1550 nm
//
1610 nm
Splitter
Still HFC, but…
Fiber Extends All the Way to the Home
WDM
Mux
DOCSIS Set-Top
DOCSIS CM/EMTA
3
Traditional PON compared to RFoG
1 GHz RFoG System at 32 HHP Per Optical Segment
54 MHz -1 GHz
20km
1550 nm
WDM
Mux
1610 nm
5 MHz - 42 MHz
+20dBm
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1 – 32 HHP
1550 nm
//
Splitter
1610 nm
WDM
Mux
-17.0
+18.5dBm
-3.5dBm
4
RFoG with Repeater Architecture
1 – 32 HHP
1550 nm
//
Splitter
1 – 32 HHP
1610 nm
1550 nm
//
54 MHz -1 GHz
RFoG Repeater
WDM
Mux
W
D
M
Splitter
1610 nm
W
D
M
WDM
Mux
WDM
Mux
256HP Typical
5 MHz - 42 MHz
1 – 32 HHP
Closely Resembles Traditional Node
1550 nm
//
Splitter
1 – 32 HHP
1610 nm
1550 nm
//
Splitter
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1610 nm
WDM
Mux
WDM
Mux
5
RFoG Architectures
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Architectures
• Several Architectures have been developed.
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Architectures
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Architectures
• Pros
• Cons
•
Matches traditional PON architectures.
•
Expensive in very low densities.
•
Concurrent operation with PON
technologies.
•
Wastes optical power in low density.
•
Strands optical power in low
penetrations.
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Architectures
• Pros
• Cons
•
Maintains split ratio of 1x32.
•
Expensive in very low densities.
•
Concurrent operation with PON
technologies.
•
Wastes, expensive optical power in low
density.
•
Leverages lower penetrations better.
•
Strands optical power in low
penetrations.
•
Can cause long term cross connect
confusion.
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Architectures
• Pros
• Cons
•
Maintains split ratio of 1x32.
•
Creates high fiber counts in the
network.
•
Concurrent operation with PON
technologies.
•
Requires field cabinets, vs Splice
enclosures.
•
Leverages lower penetrations best
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Architectures
• Pros
• Cons
•
Utilizes Optical power more effectively.
•
Does not maintain 1x32 split ratio.
•
Upstream can be more balanced in low
densities.
•
Multiple failure points.
•
Difficult to troubleshoot network
issues.
•
Resembles traditional HFC.
•
Creates very low fiber counts
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RFoG Architecture Benefits
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OBI Mitigation Comparison
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Optical Beat Interference
Clean
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OBI
•
Optical Beat Interference (OBI) can occur when
two or more RFoG ONUs (Optical Network Units)
transmit simultaneously to the same receiver, and
contain wavelengths which are sufficiently close to
each other
•
OBI is a result of the heterodyning of the two (or
more) closely spaced wavelengths present on the
same detector. Heterodyning results in the downmixing of the optical frequencies of the two or more
lasers into the RF domain, appearing as wideband
noise.
•
The resultant noise has the ability to impact the
signal integrity of upstream communication
channels, most notably on the receiver where the
OBI has occurred, but can also affect the upstream
DOCSIS service group via the introduction of noise
into the RF combining network presented to the
CMTS blade
15
Ways to Control OBI
• Manage upstream Wavelength from ONU
– Requires l spacing > 0.5nm with precision l control, tunable lasers, or multiple
SKU’s
– Must maintain database of l assignments per user
• Manage upstream bursts in time domain (Scheduler)
– CMTS limits to one-ONU-at-a-time, prevents overlap
– Limits efficient utilization of channel capacity
– Efficiency constraints become increasingly serious for high capacity upstream
configurations (more channels, more bandwidth, more utilization) – a serious
concern!
• Existing techniques have limitations that may become severe in the future!
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Wavelength Management
WL Drift (nm)
Start-up Drift
l management approach
requires spacing >0.5nm to
assure zero OBI
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
100
200
300
400
Laser Startup Time (us)
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500
17
Normal CMTS
3.0 Bonded Upstream Operation
CMTS
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
Upstream
Fiber
MAPs
CM #1 (3.0)
ONU 1
CM #2 (2.0)
ONU 2
CM #3 (3.0)
ONU 3
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l1
l2
l3
18
Burst Management
CMTS Scheduler (Packet Alignment in CMTS MAPPER)
CMTS
Ch 1
Upstream
Fiber
MAPs
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
CMTS Scheduler with Single ONU TX
at a time
Can Suffer From
Inefficient Utilization
Of The Channel BW
CM #1 (3.0)
ONU 1
CM #2 (2.0)
ONU 2
CM #3 (3.0)
ONU 3
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l1
l2
Becomes worse with increased
Upstream Capacity, especially D3.1
l3
19
Burst Management
DOCSIS 3.0 Channel Efficiencies
Std CMTS Sched w/ OEO vs. CMTS Single TX OBI Sched –
DOCSIS 3.0 Channel Efficiency
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
• OEO
AgileMax
CMTS OBI Sched
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# of DOCSIS 3.0 Upstream Channels
Note: ~500B average packet size with 70% small, 30% large packets; all 3.0 modems
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Active – OBI Elimination
…
…
Repeater
HFC
Headend
HFC Segment
Single Family
RFoG Long Reach
supports PON l s
Requires Power ~8 Watts per 32 ports
…
Hub or Field Location
Replaces passive splitter
Long
Reach
MDU
PON
Fiber
Splitter
OBI completely eliminated with standard ONUs & no special scheduler!
Full downstream & upstream throughput for DOCSIS 3.0 and 3.1
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21
Active – OBI Elimination
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EPON Inefficiency
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EPON Scheduler
Burst US Structure
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10G EPON Upstream Analysis
• Industry Literature shows EPON Upstream impacted by # of
ONU/LLID and Grant Cycle Time
– See several papers by Glen Kramer, Broadcom/Teknovus and Marek
Hajduczenia, BrightHouse (formerly with ZTE)
1 ms
2 ms
4 ms
8 ms
32
85.00%
86.05%
86.57%
86.84%
64
82.91%
85.00%
86.05%
86.57%
128
78.72%
82.91%
85.00%
86.05%
1 ms
2 ms
4 ms
8 ms
32
8.47 Gbps
8.59 Gbps
8.65 Gbps
8.68 Gbps
128
7.78 Gbps
8.24 Gbps
8.48 Gbps
8.59 Gbps
ONUxLLID
ONUxLLID
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EPON Upstream
Cycle Time and ONU/LLID Impacts
10G EPON US (ONUs, LLIDs, Cycle Time)
1G EPON US (ONUs, LLIDs, Cycle Time)
10
1000
Cycle
Time
Capacity (Gbps)
8
7
8
6
4
5
2
4
1
3
0.75
2
0.5
1
0
900
Capacity (Mbps)
9
800
8
700
4
600
2
500
1
400
0.75
300
0.5
200
100
0
32
64
128
256
512
1024
32
64
Total Active ONU x LLID
• 128 ONU, 4 Active LLID, 1msec Cycle
–
Only 50% Efficiency
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128
256
512
Total ONUxLLIDs
• 64 ONU, 4 Active LLID, 1msec Cycle
–
–
Only 50% Efficient
Similar to D3.1, 85MHz return
26
RFoG: High Capacity on One Fiber
A single fiber infrastructure supporting RF/DOCSIS, 10G EPON, and 10G Ethernet.
Technology
EPON
RF/DOCSIS
Ethernet
Total
Aggregate Capacity in GB/s (DS/US)
Near Term
Future
10/10
40/40 (really 4x 10/10)
5.6/0.3
12.5/1.8 (D3.1)
10/10 (ENS)
20/20 (or more)
25.6/20.3
72.5/61.8
FWD
FWD
HP
ONU
RTN
RTN
LP
RTN
FWD
Coax
HP
LP
FWD
RTN
RTN
A2D
CPU
D2A
CPE
And beyond that…
Future
CPEs
willrequires
allow RFDS
Spectrum
“re-use”
removing
Coax from
the
equation
Today the
Coax
and US to
occupyby
different
portions
of the
Spectrum
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RFoG: High Capacity on One Fiber
A single fiber infrastructure supporting RF/DOCSIS, 10G EPON, and 10G Ethernet.
Technology
EPON
RF/DOCSIS
Ethernet
Total
Aggregate Capacity in GB/s (DS/US)
Near Term
Future
Closer
10/10
40/10 (really 4x 10/10)
‘Future’
5.6/1.0
40/10 (D3.x)
than PON
10/10 (ENS)
20/20 (or more)
25.6/21.0
100/50
FWD
FWD
HP
ONU
RTN
RTN
LP
RTN
FWD
Coax
HP
LP
FWD
RTN
RTN
A2D
CPU
D2A
CPE
And beyond that…
Future
CPEs
willrequires
allow RFDS
Spectrum
“re-use”
removing
Coax from
the
equation
Today the
Coax
and US to
occupyby
different
portions
of the
Spectrum
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What the Future Holds
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1G
Node-split to 64 subs/SG
Node-split to 128 subs/SG
D3.1 DS Limit = 10.8 Gbps (1200 MHz)
D3.0 DS Limit = 4.9 Gbps (750 MHz)
10G
DS BW for Modems (bps)
1.2 GHz of DOCSIS 3.1 Chans.
116 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
64 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
32 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
16 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
8 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
4 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
2 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans.
1 DOCSIS 3.0 Chan.
Node-split to 256 subs/SG
100G
Node-split to 64 subs/SG
DS BW as a function of time
(w/ ~50% Annual Growth Rate)
Node-split to 256 subs/SG (De-Comb)
Node-split to 128 subs/SG
What will MSO's do with their HFC plants?
Agg BW/SG
512 Subs/SG (2x 512 HHP Nodes)
256 Subs/SG (512 HHP Nodes)
128… 64… 32
16 Subs/SG (32 HHP Nodes)
~100
Gbps
in
2030
100M
10M
16000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes)
8000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes)
4000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes)
2000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes)
1000 Subs/SG
512 Subs/SG
1M
100k
10k
Agg BW/SG
Max BW/sub
1k
Nielsen’s Law’s
100
Tmax
300 bps
in 1982
~150 kbps
in 1997
~332 Mbps
Agg BW/SG
~30
in 2030
Mbps
Avg BW/sub
in
2010 ~100 kbps
in 2010
~500 bps
in 1997
10
1
1982
1986
1990
1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022
2026 2030
Year
Proposed Human Factors Formula:
Required SG Capacity =
K *Adv_Billboard_BW + # subs * Avg BW/sub
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Looking Beyond the Top Billboard Tier:
Example Residential Service Tiers
% of Subs
Tmax
(Mbps)
Tmax CAGR
Tavg (Mbps)
Tavg CAGR
Top Tier – Billboard rate
1%
300
50%
0.48
41%
Performance Tier
14%
75
32%
0.48
41%
Common Tier
65%
25
26%
5%@1.92
60%@0.48
41%
Economy Tier
20%
5
15%
0.12
20%
• Based on study with multiple
100,000
Downstream Tiers - Tmax
10,000
MSOs
• Strategy:
– As each Tier hits 10G ceiling, peel
off subs to NG-FTTP as needed
Mbps
Tier 1 Tmax
1,000
Tier 2 Tmax
Tier 3 Tmax
100
Tier 5 Tmax
10
1
2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033
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How Long will D3.1 & 10 Gbps Last?
Example – 128 Subs per SG
DOCSIS 3.1
Tmax Dominates
Tavg Dominates
DOCSIS 3.0
• Key Events:
– 2024 – Top Tier moves to NG-FTTP
– 2029 – Performance Tier moves to NG-FTTP
– 2031-34 – Common Tier starts migrating
• Tmax dominates through 2023
• Tavg dominates after 2028
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How Long will D3.1 & 10 Gbps Last?
Example – 32/64/128/256 Subs per SG
Tmax Dominates
Tavg Dominates
Tmax Dominates
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Tavg
34
Residential Traffic Engineering
Considerations
• Tmax dominates in Near Term
– Focus on increasing spectrum (e.g. 1.2GHz) rather than SG splits
• However, Fiber Deep is also a tool to reach 1.2GHz
– Maximize DOCSIS 3.1 capacity
• Tavg dominates in Long Term
– Moving Top Service Tiers to FTTP buys much time for majority of HFC subs
– Gradual migration to Fiber Deep as part of Business As Usual to prepare for
this era
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FTTP Transformation:
EPON or RFoG?
FTTP Transition for Top Service Tiers to Extend HFC Life
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FTTP Transformation: EPON or RFoG?
FTTP Transition for Top Service Tiers to Extend HFC Life
• Answer: BOTH!!
• Use will have industry leading 10G EPON solutions
– PFM (PON Fiber Module) for E6000:
•
•
•
•
•
Industry Leading OLT density
10G/10G and 10G/1G co-existence
Built in Carrier Grade Redundancy for Optics
Supports 256 ONU, 2K LLID per port
Leverage installed E6000 customer base
– Fiber Link Module (FLM) for PON Distribution:
• Support Long Distances AND Large Fan-out
– Support 256 ONU
• OEO enables BOTH RFoG AND PON
– Simultaneous support for both RFoG and PON
• Leverage the best of D3.1 and EPON/GPON
• Provide Best of Breed technology for each application
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Thank You!