Transcript Chapter 18 Soil Conservation T18-1 Soil Science and Management, 4E Objectives • List the effects of soil erosion • Describe how soil erosion occurs • List.

Chapter 18
Soil Conservation
T18-1
Soil Science and Management, 4E
Objectives
• List the effects of soil erosion
• Describe how soil erosion occurs
• List the types of water and wind
erosion
• Calculate soil loss from water
erosion on a field
• Describe ways to prevent erosion
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Terms to Know
• Cross-wing ridges
• Cross–wind trap
strips
• Ephemeral gullies
• Filter strips
• Gully erosion
• Revised Universal
Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE)
• Rill erosion
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Saltation
Sheet erosion
Splash erosion
Surface creep
Suspension
Universal Soil Loss
Equation (USLE)
• Wind Erosion
Equation (WEQ)
Soil Science and Management, 4E
Erosion
• Cost of erosion
Figure 18-1
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Erosion
Figure 18-2
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
How Water Erosion Occurs
• Texture and structure
• Slope
Figure 18-6
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
How Water Erosion Occurs
• Surface roughness
• Soil cover
• Types of water erosion
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Predicting Soil Loss: The
Universal Soil Loss Equation
• Tolerable soil loss
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
The Universal Soil Loss
Equation
Figure 18-12
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
The Universal Soil Loss
Equation
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Figure 18-13
Soil Science and Management, 4E
The Universal Soil Loss
Equation
Figure 18-14
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
The Universal Soil Loss Equation
Figure 18-15
Figure 18-16
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
The Universal Soil Loss
Equation
• Sample solution
• Applications of the USLE
• The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Controlling Water Erosion
• Conservation tillage
Figure 18-17
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Controlling Water Erosion
• Soil cover
Figure 18-18
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Controlling Water Erosion
• Crop rotation
Figure 18-19
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Controlling Water Erosion
• Grassed waterway
• Contour tillage (See Figure 18-21)
Figure 18-21
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Controlling Water Erosion
• Strip-cropping
• Improving organic matter
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Controlling Water Erosion
• Terraces (See Figure 18-24)
• Filter strips
• Diversions
Figure 18-24
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Wind Erosion
Figure 18-25
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Wind Erosion
• Cause of wind erosion
Figure 18-26
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Soil Science and Management, 4E
Wind Erosion
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Effects of wind erosion
Factors in wind erosion
Preventing wind erosion
Critical periods
Soil Science and Management, 4E
Summary
• Three fifths of soil lost to erosion washes away in
running water
• Water/wind erosion:
– Strips topsoil
– Reduces yields
– Deposits sediments
• Two thirds of soil erosion from wind
• Ways to control erosion:
– Grow vigorous crops
– Maintain organic matter
– Avoiding overtillage and compaction
– Crop rotation
– Contour tillage, strip cropping, and terraces
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Soil Science and Management, 4E