ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter4

Transcript ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter4

Chapter 4: Network Access

Introduction to Networks

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Chapter 4: Objectives

Students will be able to:  Explain how physical layer protocols and services support communications across data networks.

 Build a simple network using the appropriate.

 Explain the role of the data link layer in supporting communications across data networks.

 Compare media access control techniques and logical topologies used in networks.

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Chapter 4

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Getting it Connected Connecting to the Network

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Getting it Connected Connecting to the Network

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Getting it Connected Network Interface Cards Connecting to the Wireless LAN with a Range Extender

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Purpose of the Physical Layer The Physical Layer

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Purpose of the Physical Layer Physical Layer Media

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Purpose of the Physical Layer Physical Layer Standards

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Standard organization Networking Standards ISO EIA/TIA

• • • • • • ISO 8877: Officially adopted the RJ connectors (e.g., RJ-11, RJ-45) ISO 11801: Network cabling standard similar to EIA/TIA 568.

TIA-568-C: Telecommunications cabling standards, used by nearly all voice, video and data networks.

TIA-569-B: Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces TIA-598-C: Fiber optic color coding TIA-942: Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers

ANSI

• 568-C: RJ-45 pinouts. Co-developed with EIA/TIA

ITU-T

• G.992: ADSL

IEEE

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Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Physical Layer Fundamental Principles

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Media Copper cable Physical Components

• UTP • Coaxial • Connectors • NICs • Ports • Interfaces

Fiber Optic cable Wireless media

• Single-mode Fiber • Multimode Fiber • Connectors • NICs • Interfaces • Lasers and LEDs • Photoreceptors • Access Points • NICs • Radio • Antennae

Frame Encoding Technique

• Manchester Encoding • Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) techniques • 4B/5B codes are used with Multi-Level Transition Level 3 (MLT-3) signaling • 8B/10B • PAM5 • Pulses of light • Wavelength multiplexing using different colors

Signalling Method

• Changes in the electromagnetic field • Intensity of the electromagnetic field • Phase of the electromagnetic wave • A pulse equals 1.

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Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Bandwidth

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Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Throughput

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Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Types of Physical Media

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Network Media Copper Cabling

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Copper Cabling Characteristics of Copper Media

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Copper Cabling Copper Media

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Copper Cabling Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Cable

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Copper Cabling Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable Braided or Foil Shield Foil Shields

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Copper Cabling Coaxial Cable

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Copper Cabling Cooper Media Safety

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UTP Cabling Properties of UTP Cabling

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UTP Cabling UTP Cabling Standards

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UTP Cabling UTP Connectors

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UTP Cabling Types of UTP Cable

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UTP Cabling Testing UTP Cables

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UTP Cabling Testing UTP Cables

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Fiber Optic Cabling Properties of Fiber Optic Cabling

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Fiber Optic Cabling Fiber Media Cable Design

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Fiber Optic Cabling Types of Fiber Media

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Fiber Optic Cabling Network Fiber Connectors

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Fiber Optic Cabling Testing Fiber Cables

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Fiber Optic Cabling Fiber versus Copper Implementation issues

Bandwidth supported Distance Immunity to EMI and RFI Immunity to electrical hazards Media and connector costs Installation skills required Safety precautions Presentation_ID

Copper media

Fibre-optic

10 Mbps – 100 Gbps Relatively High (1 – 100,000 meters) High (Completely immune) High (Completely immune) Highest Highest Highest Cisco Confidential 32

Wireless Media Properties of Wireless Media

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Wireless Media Types of Wireless Media

• IEEE 802.11 standards • Commonly referred to as Wi-Fi.

• Uses CSMA/CA • Variations include: • 802.11a: 54 Mbps, 5 GHz • 802.11b: 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz • 802.11g: 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz • 802.11n: 600 Mbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz • 802.11ac: 1 Gbps, 5 GHz • 802.11ad: 7 Gbps, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz • IEEE 802.15 standard • Supports speeds up to 3 Mbps • Provides device pairing over distances from 1 to 100 meters.

• IEEE 802.16 standard • Provides speeds up to 1 Gbps • Uses a point-to-multipoint topology to provide wireless broadband access.

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Wireless Media Wireless LAN

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Wireless Media 802.11 Wi-Fi Standards Standard

802.11a

802.11b

802.11g

802.11n

802.11ac

802.11ad

Maximum Speed

54 Mbps 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 600 Mbps 1.3 Gbps (1300 Mbps) 7 Gbps (7000 Mbps)

Frequency

5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz

Backwards compatible

No No 802.11b

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Purpose of the Data Link Layer The Data Link Layer

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Purpose of the Data Link Layer Data Link Sublayers Network Data Link LLC Sublayer MAC Sublayer Physical

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Purpose of the Data Link Layer Media Access Control

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Purpose of the Data Link Layer Providing Access to Media

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Data Link Layer Layer 2 Frame Structure

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Layer 2 Frame Structure Creating a Frame

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Data Link Layer Layer 2 Standards

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Layer 2 Standards Data Link Layer Standards Standard organization Networking Standards IEEE

• • • • • • • 802.2: Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.3: Ethernet 802.4: Token bus 802.5: Token passing 802.11: Wireless LAN (WLAN) & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) 802.15: Bluetooth 802.16: WiMax

ITU-T ISO ANSI

• • • • G.992: ADSL G.8100 - G.8199: MPLS over Transport aspects Q.921: ISDN Q.922: Frame Relay • • HDLC (High Level Data Link Control) ISO 9314: FDDI Media Access Control (MAC) • X3T9.5 and X3T12: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Topologies Controlling Access to the Media

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Topologies Physical and Logical Topologies

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WAN Topologies Common Physical WAN Topologies

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WAN Topologies Physical Point-to-Point Topology

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WAN Topologies Logical Point-to-Point Topology

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WAN Topologies Half and Full Duplex

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LAN Topologies Physical LAN Topologies

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LAN Topologies Logical Topology for Shared Media

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LAN Topologies Contention-Based Access

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Characteristics

Stations can transmit at any time Collision exist There are mechanisms to resolve contention for the media • •

Contention-Based Technologies

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LAN Topologies Multi-Access Topology

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LAN Topologies Controlled Access

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Characteristics

Only one station can transmit at a time Devices wishing to transmit must wait their turn No collisions May use a token passing method • •

Controlled Access Technologies

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LAN Topologies Ring Topology

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Data Link Frame The Frame

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Data Link Frame The Header

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Data Link Frame Layer 2 Address

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Data Link Frame The Trailer

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Data Link Frame LAN and WAN Frames

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Data Link Frame Ethernet Frame

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Data Link Frame Point-to-Point Protocol Frame

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Data Link Frame 802.11 Wireless Frame

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Network Access Summary

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ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter4

Transcript ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter4

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