Transcript Lecture 7: Airport Environmental Impacts By: Zuliana Ismail Learning Outcome Student able to: • Describe the environmental impact of airports.

Lecture 7:
Airport
Environmental
Impacts
By: Zuliana Ismail
Learning Outcome
Student able to:
• Describe the environmental impact of airports
Introduction
• Commercial aviation is experiencing dramatic
growth in regions throughout the world.
• However, growth in air travel affects the
environment
How does Airport Impact
the environment?
Airport & Environment
• Airport operations involve a range of activities that
affect the environment.
• This effect can be categorized into three issues which
are:
1. Noise Issues
2. Water Quality Issues
3. Air Quality Issues
1. Noise Issues
• Simply, noise is defined as unwanted sound.
• Aircraft engine emits noise & this noise has the potential to
affect the quality of life of at least half a million people living
close to airports.
• Larger numbers of people would be exposed to the risks of
sleep disturbance, annoyance and possible health effects of
aircraft noise.
• Therefore, aircraft noise is often the principal focus for
community groups nearby the airport that oppose runway
expansion.
Noise Impact
•
•
•
•
Sleep disturbance
High stress levels
Inability to concentrate
Health effects
How to Reduce
Noise?
• The solution are:
A. Noise Mitigation Programme
B. Noise Abatement Procedures
C. Quieter aircraft technology
a)Noise Mitigation
Noise mitigation is an effort to reduce the aircraft
noise impact on the community.
How??
1. Sound insulation programs
• Reduced indoor noise levels from aircraft operations By
installing the sound-proofing materials at nearby homes,
schools, and hospitals.
• **Sound-proofing materials : windows are mostly made of double-glass,
similar to aircraft windows, which provide sound and heat insulation.
2. Sound insulation standards for new construction
• Concrete walls are made of cool block bricks with foam
in the middle, which also shield the house against noise
and heat.
Challenges: limited funds.
b) Noise abatement procedures
• Noise abatement (NA) is an action that minimizes impact
of noise at airport.
• Most airport that are located very close to community have
number of regulations in place designed to reduce noise levels.
These regulations include
• Aircraft may not fly at certain areas
• Use or disuse of certain runways .
• Limiting the number of departures and arrivals per runway
during hours of restriction;
• Limit the maximum thrust allowed when flying over certain
areas;
• Forbidden use of reverse thrust at night on some airports.
Disadvantages of Noise Abatement
• Many operational noise abatement procedures may
be easily implemented .
• However, operational restrictions may limit an
airport’s capacity, further contributing to airport
congestion and travel delays, and to higher airline
operating costs.
c) Quieter aircraft technology
• Aircraft manufacturer like Airbus & Boeing need to design and
produce quieter engines and airframes.
• The latest large aircraft, the Boeing 787 and Airbus A380
equipped with the engine that can cut noise and emissions.
• The Bombardier C-Series uses Pratt & Whitney PW1000G
geared turbofan engines, which help reduce its noise footprint
2)Water Quality Issues
• Airport operations include many activities likely to
result in reducing water quality.
• Those activities include:
• Anti-icing of aircraft and airfields;
• Fuel /Oil spills
Anti-icing effect
• The anti-icing of aircraft and runway surfaces is required to
ensure the safety of passengers.
• However when performed without discharge controls in
place, airport anti-icing operations can result in
environmental.
• Anti-icing chemical solution used on aircraft are toxic
to aquatic life.
• When it is sprayed on aircraft, some of it falls onto the ground,
where it mix with melting ice and snow.
• Discharges from deicing operations have the potential to
cause fish kills and contamination to surface or ground waters
Alternative
• Newark and John F Kennedy airports have recently embraced
infrared anti-icing. The unique thermal de-icing method
uses natural gas or propane to produce infrared energy
efficiently.
• This energy is focused in an optimal manner to remove frost,
snow, ice and water from aircraft surfaces quickly and safely,
without adversely affecting the aircraft or ground personnel.
• Infrared process eliminates the need for glycol reducing the
environmental impact of de-icing operations.
Fuel/Oil Spills
• Fuel/Oil spills can also lead to environmental damage.
• Most airports are required to develop a Spill Prevention,
Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan.
• These requirements are designed to ensure that
• Facilities that store oil have planned for and taken
measures to prevent environmental damage resulting from
oil spills.
3) Air Quality Issues
• Aircraft engine emissions affecting local air quality.
• Major pollutants release by aircraft engine are carbon dioxide
(CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur oxides (SOx), water
vapour and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
• These gases, once release into the Earth's atmosphere, will
contribute to the Climate Change &
Global Warming.
What is Global Warming?
• Global warming means gradual increase in the
overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere
due to the greenhouse effect caused by increased
levels of carbon dioxide, cfcs, and other pollutants.
• What do you means by greenhouse effects???
Air Quality Issues
• When modern jet aircraft burn fuel at
altitudes of 10-12 km the water vapour
that is produced is injected into the
atmosphere .
• The water vapour then freezes to
produce tiny ice particles which form
the familiar trails behind aircraft when
viewed from the ground. These are
known as "contrails".
• They can be long lasting depending on
weather conditions and spread to a
width of tens of kilometres.
• Contrails could have a greater
greenhouse effect.
How to Reduce the impact
of Air Pollution?
1. Significant improvements in jet engine design
• **Airliner manufacturers are committed to achieving reductions in
both CO2 and NOx emissions with each new generation of design of
aircraft engine.
2. Providing electrical power and pre-conditioned air to
aircraft at terminal gates allows aircraft to switch off their
auxiliary power units (APU), reducing fuel burn and
pollutants.
3. Reducing taxiing and queuing times can be achieved by
construction of more direct taxiways.
4. Green Airport: Plant a tree (trees and other plants absorb
carbon dioxide and give off oxygen)
5. New Technology
New Technology
• Arlanda has made use of
a variety of measures to
reduce carbon
emissions in the first
instance.
• Save energy and offset
carbon emissions using
aquifer .
Stockholm-Arlanda Airport has
achieved a "neutrality" rating on ACI
Europe's airport carbon accreditation
scheme by offsetting carbon
emissions and reducing energy
consumption.
• Aquifer is a groundwater
reservoir located close to
the airport site which
pumps cold water to the
airport buildings to
provide natural cooling.
New Technology
On 11 October 2010, London Heathrow Airport achieved an
"optimisation" award from the airport carbon accreditation
scheme.