Transcript May 2006 Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development UNSD Voorburg Monitoring and assessment in France Water Directorate René Lalement WIS-France Taskforce.

May 2006
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
UNSD Voorburg
Monitoring and assessment
in France
Water Directorate
René Lalement
WIS-France Taskforce
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Monitoring in France
• water quantity since 1870s ?
• water quality since 1971
• fish since 1993
• Multiple extensive networks
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Surface water quality
Surface water quantity
Groundwater quality
Groundwater quantity
Pluviometry
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
Scale 1 : 500 000
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Current river quality network
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
• 1700 sites
• each year
• basic chemicals 6 to 12 times a year in water
• heavy metals + pesticides once a year in
sediments on a selection of sites.
• invertebrates once a year,
• diatoms on half of the sites
• fish populations on another network of 800 sites.
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
Monitoring sites in the Loire river basin
for river quality
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Current shortcomings
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
Monitoring sites are located more often on large
or medium rivers than on small rivers, with an
overall goal for the assessment of measures taken
to reduce point source pollution in urban or
industrial areas.
There is presently no national network for lakes.
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
The Water Framework Directive
monitoring programme:
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
an opportunity
• to rebuild in a consistent way all monitoring
activities
• to include new needs
(monitoring of lakes, better coverage of all
rivers, priority substances, more biology)
• to merge with other requirements (EIONet,
OSPAR, MedPol, OECD/Eurostat, ...)
This presentation will focus on surface
freshwater.
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Design of the WFD network for
“surveillance monitoring”
• Use of research results from CEMAGREF and CSP
• Several steps
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
Step 1: set a total of 1500 sites for France (not
including overseas districts)
Step 2: use a key based on river basin area and
river lengths to compute the number per district
Current network
Future network
Total
1713
1500
AG
AP
284
340
LB
196
45
RM
280
417
250
112
RM&C
260
395
SN
443
214
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Step 3: within a hydrographic district,
use a river size stratification (XS to XL)
Loire-Bretagne
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
XS
76%
S
7%
M
4%
L
2%
XL
1%
Rule: compute the minimum number of sites in
each stratum to guarantee that the uncertainty
on the ammonium parameter (identified to have
the greatest variability) be less than 10%.
Water Directorate
Loire-Bretagne
XS
30%
126
S
25%
105
M
20%
80
L
12.5%
49
XL
12.5%
49
This had to be tuned in some districts when upper
size strata do not occur.
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Step 4: consider the water body type
in every district and in every size stratum, the
number of monitoring sites has been distributed
among the ecological types, according to the
total river length in each type,
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
leading for instance to 2 sites in small rivers of
armorican type (in Britanny).
Step 5: use the local knowledge of the conditions
to locate the sites, to ensure the best
representativeness.
Once defined, this monitoring network will be
immutable.
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Tuning monitoring parameters and frequencies
1 (or less) / management plan (every 6 yrs, once):
hydromorphological elements
2 / management plan (every 3 yrs, once a year):
other pollutants and pesticides, in sediment
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
2 / management plan (every 3 yrs, 4 times a year):
other pollutants and pesticides, in water
2 / management plan (every 3 yrs, monthly):
priority substances
6 / management plan (every year, once): biological
quality elements
6 / management plan (every year, 6 times a year):
basic chemicals (O2, nutrients, TOC, ...).
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Costs
The estimated cost of the surveillance monitoring
programme is
• 77 M€ for rivers and
• 8M€ for lakes
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
for a management plan, or
• 50 k€ for rivers
• 40 k€ for lakes
per site for a management plan, or
• 150 €/km2 (rivers and lakes), or
• 150 €/km (rivers).
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Design of operational monitoring
Operational monitoring is intended for water
bodies which may fail to meet their environmental
objectives in 2015, in order to evaluate the
effectiveness of policies.
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
It will apply to water bodies to which the river
basin management plan does not assign a good
status objective in 2015, but:
• an extended deadline (2015, 2021),
• or a less stringent objective
The full design of the monitoring network,
including operational monitoring, will be
completed along with the first management plan,
in 2008-2009.
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Water quality assessment in France
• 1971 Water Quality Grid
• 1999 Water Quality Evaluation System (SEQ-eau)
• 2007 Water Status Evaluation System
needed for:
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
• Knowledge
• Water management
• Policy assessment
• Accountability
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
1971 Water Quality Grid
based on 13 physico-chemical determinants
• 3 thresholds for every determinant
BOD5 in mg/l O2
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
<3
3 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 25
• leads to 4 classes: high, good, poor, bad
• the worst determinant wins
• still has a regulatory scope
(for setting objectives in the current river basin
management plans)
• ... but too « multipurpose », no ecology
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
SEQ-eau
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
• an assessment framework,
• with several instances:
• rivers, lakes, coastal waters, groundwaters, ...
• use-oriented
• uses: drinking water, leisure, irrigation,
livestock watering, aquaculture
+ aquatic life
• based on 15 suitability indicators
• Indicators computed from 135 determinants
• matrices:
• determinants X indicators (computed from)
• uses X indicators (significant for)
• determinants X classes (threshold values)
May 2006
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
May 2006
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Results in
• a class of suitability for each use
• an index (and class) for overall quality
For each indicator, the worst determinant wins
For each use, the worst indicator wins
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
For each determinant, apply the percentile 90
rule to multiple samples (not the average)
... an in depth assessment for uses,
but little ecology : independant of « ecotype » !
May 2006
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
May 2006
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Water body status evaluation system
required by the Water Framework Directive
chemical status
based on environmental quality standards
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
ecological status
based on
• type-specific reference conditions
• indicators for relevant quality elements
• ecological quality ratios (observation/reference)
• division of the scale into 5 classes
• intercalibration of high/good and
good/moderate boundaries
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
Biological quality elements
biological indicators should be made “WFDcompatible” by introducing the water body type
in their definition
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
• IBGN (Standard global biological index) for
benthic invertebrates,
• IBD (Diatom biological index)
• IPR (River fish index) – defined to be typedependant
May 2006
UNSD Voorburg
On the Web
Portal for public information on water:
http://www.eaufrance.fr
Ministry of
Ecology and
Sustainable
Development
Water Directorate
Water information framework:
http://www.sandre.eaufrance.fr
French water policy:
http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr