Transcript The Four Gospels © John Stevenson, 2011 The Gospel of the King The Gospel According to Matthew • The Author: Matthew / Levi • Writes.

The Four Gospels
© John Stevenson, 2011
The
Gospel of
the King
The Gospel According to Matthew
• The Author: Matthew / Levi
• Writes to the Jews
– A Jewish Genealogy through David to Abraham
– A focus on the Kingdom of Heaven
– Describes the bribery of the guards
• Mention is made of a number of Gentiles
–
–
–
–
Women in the Genealogy
Herod the Great & the Magi
Canaanite woman (15:22-28).
Two Centurions (8:5-10 & 27:54).
Jesus as the King
•
•
•
•
The Genealogy of the King
Contrast with Herod the Great
Forerunner of the King
Power of the King
– Over the natural world
– Over the supernatural world
• The Identity of the King
• The Triumphal Entry of the King
Matthew 1:1 4:11
Introductory
Narratives
Matthew 4:12 - 25:46
Five narratives
&
Five Sermons
Matthew 26 - 28
Death &
Resurrection
Narratives
Matthew 1:1 - 4:11
Matthew 4:12 - 25:46
Matthew 26-28
Introductory
Narratives
Five Narratives
& Five Sermons
Death & Resurrection
Narratives
• Genealogy
• Birth
Narrative
• Assassination
Attempt by
false king
• Forerunner &
Baptism of
the King
• Temptation
• Call of Disciples /
Sermon on the
Mount
Note/ Demands
the
• Miracles
Corollaries
of Discipleship
Between
the
• Unpardonable
Sin /
Beginning
Parables
of the
and Ending
Kingdom
of the book
• Great Confession &
Transfiguration /
Forgiveness
• Road to Jerusalem /
Olivet Discourse
• Last Supper,
Gethsemane, &
Arrest of Jesus
• Trials &
Crucifixion of
Jesus
• Resurrection of
Jesus & the Great
Commission
Key Words & Phrases
• Kingdom of Heaven
• Parables of the Kingdom (chapter 13).
• Keys to the Kingdom (16:19).
• See the Son of man coming in His kingdom
(16:28).
• Authority
• Teaches as one having authority (7:29).
• Centurion: “I am also a man under authority” (8:9).
• Chief Priests: “Who gave you this authority?”
(21:23).
• All authority given to Jesus (28:18).
Key Words & Phrases
• Fruit
• John the Baptist: Trees that do not produce fruit
will be cut down (3:10).
• Jesus: Good trees produce good fruit; bad trees
produce bad fruit (7:17-19).
• A tree is known by its fruit (12:33).
• The fig tree is cursed because of a lack of fruit
(21:19).
• The Kingdom to be given to a nation producing
the fruit of it (21:43).
The Son who Came to Serve
The Gospel According to Mark
• The Author: John Mark
• Writes to the Gentiles
– No Genealogy
– Only a single quote from the Old Testament
• Shortest of the four Gospels.
• Short, vivid details.
– Jesus loved the rich, young ruler
– At the feeding of the five thousand, Jesus had
the people sit in groups of 100’s and 50’s.
– Unnamed man clothed in linen.
– Names the sons of Simon of Cyrene.
Matthew
Mark
• An eye witness of the
life and ministry of
Jesus
• Associated with the
apostles Peter and
Paul
• Writes to Jews
• Writes to Gentiles
• Jesus presented as a
King
• Jesus presented as a
Servant
• Focus on the
sermons of Jesus
• Focus on the miracles
of Jesus
Jesus as the Servant
• A Servant needs no Genealogy or
Birth Narrative
• Narrative begins with the ministry of
Jesus
• Only two sermons of Jesus are given
– Parables of the Kingdom (Chapter 4)
– Olivet Discourse (Chapter 13)
Outline of Mark
1:1
1:14
Prologue
Baptism &
Temptation
7:24
Public Ministry
Galilee
Gentile
Regions
Service of the Servant
Rising
Action
Who is
Jesus?
8:27
“Who
do
men
say
that I
am?”
8:31
11:1
Private
Ministry
14:1
Public
Ministry
Road to
Jerusalem
Death &
Resurrection
Jerusalem
Suffering of the Servant
Falling
Action
What did He
come to
Accomplish?
Key Words & Phrases
• Immediately
• And…
• A regular use of the Historic Present
Feeding of the 5,000
Feeding of the 4,000
Mark 6:34-44
Mark 8:1-9
Took place after the multitude had
been with Jesus for one day.
Took place after the multitude had
been with Jesus for three days.
The multitude was mostly Jewish.
The multitude would have been
mostly Gentile.
Took place near Bethsaida Julias on
the northeastern shore of the Sea of
Galilee.
Took place in the Decapolis on the
southeastern shore of the Sea of
Galilee.
Jesus used 5 loaves and 2 fish.
Jesus used 7 loaves and a few
small fish.
There were 12 small baskets of
leftovers.
There were 7 large baskets of
leftovers.
Mark 10:42-45
And calling them to Himself, Jesus said to
them, “You know that those who are
recognized as rulers of the Gentiles lord it
over them; and their great men exercise
authority over them.
43 “But it is not so among you, but whoever
wishes to become great among you shall be
your servant; 44 and whoever wishes to be
first among you shall be slave of all.
45 “For even the Son of Man did not come to
be served, but to serve, and to give His life a
ransom for many.”
42
The Gospel According to
The
Master
Teacher
The Gospel According to Luke
• The Author: Luke
• Writes to Theophilus (Greek)
– Genealogy goes back to Adam
– Birth and Childhood narratives
• Longest and most personal Parables.
– Good Samaritan
– Rich man & Lazarus
– Prodigal Son
– Unjust Steward
Outline of Luke
Luke 1 – 3
Birth &
Baptism
of Jesus
Judea &
Jordan
Luke 4 – 9
Luke 10 – 18 Luke 19 – 24
The
Death,
Jesus…
The
Parables &
Burial &
set His
Identity
face to go Teachings Resurrectio
of Jesus
of Jesus
n of Jesus
to
Galilee
Jerusalem
(9:51)
On the Road
to Jerusalem
At Jerusalem
Preparation
Miracles
Parables
Sacrifice
30 Years
2½ Years
6 Months
1 Week
Begins
In the
Temple
Concludes
In the
Temple
Observations from Luke
• Luke is a Historian
– His historical notations include mention of the
various Caesars and the local governors
– He seeks to relate an “accurate account”
• The Temple is a
Geographical Focus
– Infant and child narratives
take place in the temple
– Jesus sets his face to go to
Jerusalem
– Resurrection appearances
are all in or around
Jerusalem
Observations from Luke
• Tabletalks of Jesus
– Nineteen meals are mentioned in Luke
– Thirteen of these are unique to Luke’s Gospel
• Emphasis on the Poor & the Oppressed
– Mary sings of how God has filled the hungry and
sent away the rich empty-handed (1:53)
– Jesus came to set free the downtrodden (4:1821)
– Woe to the rich (6:24)
– Parable of the Rich Fool (12:16-21)
– Parable of the Rich Man & Lazarus (16:19-31)
Luke & the
Samaritans
• Disciples and the
Samaritans (9:5156)
• Parable of the
Good Samaritan
(10:29-37)
• Healing of the ten
lepers (17:11-19)
Galilee
Samaria
Judea
Luke & Women
• Luke views the birth of Jesus
from Mary’s perspective
• Luke describes the raising of
the widow’s son (7:11-17)
• Jesus anointed by a sinful
woman (7:36-50)
• Luke mentions that the
ministry of Jesus was
supported by women (8:1-3)
• Mary & Martha (10:38-42)
• Jesus speaks to “daughters of
Jerusalem” (23:27-29)
• Women at the empty tomb
(24:1-10)
Outline of Luke
Luke 1 – 3
Birth &
Baptism
of Jesus
Judea &
Jordan
Luke 4 – 9
Luke 10 – 18 Luke 19 – 24
The
Death,
Jesus…
The
Parables &
Burial &
set His
Identity
face to go Teachings Resurrectio
of Jesus
of Jesus
n of Jesus
to
Galilee
Jerusalem
(9:51)
On the Road
to Jerusalem
At Jerusalem
Preparation
Miracles
Parables
Sacrifice
30 Years
2½ Years
6 Months
1 Week
Preparation
&
Birth
Death
&
Preparation
Matthew
An eye witness
of the life and
ministry of
Jesus
Writes to Jews
Jesus presented
as a King
Mark
Luke
Associated with the apostles
Peter and Paul
Writes to Gentiles
Jesus presented
as a Servant
Focus on the
Focus on the
sermons of Jesus miracles of
Jesus
Jesus presented
as a Teacher
Focus on the
teachings &
parables of
Jesus
The Gospel According to
The Son
of God
The Gospel According to John
• The Author: John
– He does not mention himself by name.
– Instead, he refers to himself as “the disciple
whom Jesus loved.”
• Begins with a reference to the Word ─ the
eternal Logos
– He was
– He was with God
– He was God
– The Word became flesh
– John gives no Birth or Childhood narratives
Synoptic Gospels
John’s Gospel
Emphasize the kingdom
inheritance
Emphasizes eternal life
inheritance
Descriptive of historical events
Reflective of the significance of
various events
Relates many of the short
sayings of Jesus
Gives more of the long
discourses of Jesus
Emphasis upon the Kingdom of
Heaven / Kingdom of God
Emphasis upon eternal life
Emphasis on future prophecy
Very little about future prophecy
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Portrait of Jesus
King
Servant
Teacher
Son of God
Original readers
Jews
Romans?
Greeks
Church
Key phrase
Kingdom of
heaven
Immediately
Son of man
Believe
Prominent sections
Sermons
Miracles
Parables
Teachings
Genealogy
Traced back to
Abraham
None
Traced to
Adam
None
Geographic
Emphasis
Emphasis on the ministry of Jesus in Galilee
Ministry in
Judea
Time Sequence
Only one Passover mentioned during the
ministry of Jesus
3 Passovers
plus an
unnamed feast
in John 6
2:1-11 4:46-54 5:1-18
6:1-14
Water Son Lame Feeds
to
healed man 5,000
wine
at
Pool
6:16-21 9:1-41
11:1-44
Walks Blind Lazarus
on
man raised
Water sees
We are meant to see these signs through
the eyes of the disciples. They are said
to be growing in their belief as they see
the signs and we are meant to grow with
them.
Outline of John
1:1
1:19
12:1
21:1
Written so that you may believe
that Jesus is the Christ, the Son
of God...
Prologue Period of 3 years
...and that believing you may have
life in His name
Focus upon the ministry and
miracles of Jesus
Focus upon Jesus teaching his
disciples and the events of the
death, burial & resurrection
Public Ministry
Private Ministry
Throughout Palestine
Jerusalem
Passion Week
Epilogue
Galilee
The Calendar of Dionysius
• Pope John I: 525 A.D.
• Means that were already in use
– Founding of the city of Rome
– Reign of Diocletian
Christian Year
Old Roman AUC
4 B.C.
3 B.C.
2 B.C.
1 B.C.
1 A.D.
2 A.D.
750
751
752
753
754
755
The Death of Herod
40 B.C.
37 B.C.
4 B.C.
- King of the Jews by Rome
- Regains Palestine
- Death
Josephus mentions lunar eclipse prior to
Herod’s death
Lunar Eclipses
Date
Observations
7 B.C.
No eclipses
6 B.C.
No eclipses
5 B.C.
4 B.C.
March 23 - center at about 8:30 p.m.
September 15 - center at 2:20 a.m.
March 13 - center at 2:20 a.m.
3 B.C.
No eclipses
2 B.C.
No eclipses
1 B.C.
January 10 - center at 1:00 a.m.
Luke 2:1-2
Now in those days
a decree went out from
Caesar Augustus, that a
census be taken of all
the inhabited earth. 2
This was the first census
taken while Quirinius
was governor of Syria.
The Census of Augustus
• Gaius Octavius
Augustus
• “I found Rome brick
and left her marble”
• Pax Romana
Problems with the Census
• Quirinius was governor of Syria in
6-7 A.D.
• No earlier recorded census
• No known census while Quirinius
was governor
Proposed Solutions
• It has been suggested that the passage
can be translated to read: This census
was taken before Quirinius was
governor of Syria.
• Another proposed translation reads:
This census was before that while
Quirinius was governor of Syria.
• The term that Luke uses is a general
one. He says that this was the first
census taken while Quirinius was
GOVERNING Syria
Lapis Tiburtinus
• Tombstone
• Records achievements of an unknown
governor
• Served as pro praetor of Syria twice
• No record of any governor of Syria
having served twice
• Quirinius commanded legions in Syria
after 12 B.C.
Luke 2:4-5
Joseph also went up from
Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to
Judea, to the city of David which is
called Bethlehem, because he was of
the house and family of David, 5 in
order to register along with Mary, who
was engaged to him, and was with
child.
Luke 2:6-7
While they were there, the days
were completed for her to give birth. 7
And she gave birth to her firstborn
son; and she wrapped Him in cloths,
and laid Him in a manger, because
there was no room for them in the inn.
In the same
region there
were some
shepherds
staying out
in the fields
and keeping
watch over
their flock by
night. (Luke
2:8)
Luke 2:9
And an angel of the Lord
suddenly stood before them, and the
glory of the Lord shone around them;
and they were terribly frightened.
Luke 2:10-11
But the angel said to them, “Do
not be afraid; for behold, I bring you
good news of great joy which will be
for all the people; 11 for today in the
city of David there has been born for
you a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.”
Luke 2:12
“This will be a sign for you: you
will find a baby wrapped in cloths and
lying in a manger.”
“This will be a
sign for you: you
will find a baby
wrapped in cloths
and lying in a
manger.” (Luke
2:12)
Matthew’s
Account
Luke’s
Account
Announcement to
Joseph
Announcement to
Mary
Birth in Bethlehem &
Brief mention of birth
announcement to
in Bethlehem
shepherds
Visit of the magi from
the east
Dedication in the
temple
Birth of Christ
Time from Birth
—
Events
Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem
8 Days
Circumcision of Jesus (Luke 2:21)
41 Days
Mary and Joseph present Jesus in the Temple
(Luke 2:22-38)
The Magi come to Herod looking for the King
of the Jews
After 41 Days
…magi from the east
arrived in Jerusalem
(Matthew 2:1).
Magi
•
•
•
•
Ancient order of priests from Parthia
Monotheists
Appointed kings over Parthia
Parthians fought Herod in 40 B.C.
And when Herod the king
heard it, he was troubled, and all
Jerusalem with him. (Matthew 2:3)
And gathering together all the chief priests
and scribes of the people, he began to
inquire of them where the Christ was to be
born. 5 And they said to him, “In Bethlehem
of Judea, for so it has been written by the
prophet,
6 ‘And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah,
Are by no means least among the leaders of
Judah;
For out of you shall come forth a Ruler,
Who will shepherd My people Israel.’”
(Matthew 2:4-6)
Then Herod
secretly called
the magi, and
ascertained
from them the
time the star
appeared.
(Matthew 2:7).
And he sent them to
Bethlehem, and said,
“Go and make careful
search for the Child;
and when you have
found Him, report to
me, that I too may
come and worship
Him.” (Matthew 2:8).
Jerusalem
●

Bethlehem
And having heard the king,
they went their way; and lo, the
star, which they had seen in
the east, went on before them,
until it came and stood over
where the Child was. 10 And
when they saw the star, they
rejoiced exceedingly with great
joy (Matthew 2:9-10).
And they came into
the house and saw
the Child with Mary
His mother; and
they fell down and
worshiped Him; and
opening their
treasures they
presented to Him
gifts of gold and
frankincense and
myrrh. (Matthew
2:11)
And having been
warned by God in a
dream not to return
to Herod, they
departed for their
own country by
another way.
(Matthew 2:12)
Now when they had
departed, behold, an
angel of the Lord
appeared to Joseph in a
dream, saying, “Arise
and take the Child and
His mother, and flee to
Egypt, and remain there
until I tell you; for Herod
is going to search for
the Child to destroy
Him.” (Matthew 2:13)
And he arose and took the
Child and His mother by
night, and departed for
Egypt; 15 and was there
until the death of Herod,
that what was spoken by
the Lord through the
prophet might be fulfilled,
saying, “Out of Egypt did I
call My Son.” (Matthew
2:14-15)
When they
had performed
everything
according to
the Law of the
Lord, they
returned to
Galilee, to
their own city
of Nazareth
(Luke 2:39)
NazarethVillage.com