Physics and Detector Studies in Japan Akiya Miyamoto KEK ILC Korea meeting @ PAL 17 February 2006
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Physics and Detector Studies in Japan Akiya Miyamoto KEK ILC Korea meeting @ PAL 17 February 2006 1 Physics Scenario at ILC 2 ILC Detector Performance Goals (http://blueox.uoregon.edu/~lc/randd.pdf) Vertexing (h bb ,cc , ) ~1/5 rbeampipe,~1/30 pixel size (wrt LHC) ip 5 m 10 m / p sin 3 / 2 (e e Zh X; incl. h nothing) Tracking ~1/6 material, ~1/10 resolution (wrt LHC) (1/ p) 5 105 /GeV Or better Jet energy (Higgs self-coupling, W/Z sep. in SUSY study) ~1/2 resolution (wrt LHC) E / E 0.3 / E (GeV ) 3 Detector for ILC experiments Detector design Philosophy Muon detector Calorimeter Good jet energy resolution g calorimeter inside a coil g highly segmented calorimeter Efficient & High purity b/c tagging Coil g Thin VTX, put close to the IP g Strong solenoid field g Pixel type High momentum resolution Hermetic down to O(10)mrad Tracker Vertex detector Shielded enough against beamrelated background 4 Concepts - Technologies 5 GLD Concept Pixel vertex detector + Si tracker, self-tracking capable Large gaseous central Time Projection Chamber (TPC) Large radius, “Medium/High” granularity ECAL: W-Scitillator “Medium/High” granuality HCAL: Pb-Scintillator inside 3T solenoid 6 Comparison to other concepts SiD LDC GLD GLD: Large ECAL radius good for better jet energy resolution 7 Our Activities Concept Study GLD : as an inter-regional team DOD Home page: http://ilcphys.kek.jp/gld/ Software studies Simulation and Reconstruction based on full simulation Vertex Detector TPC Calorimeter Some topics of recent activities will be presented Apologies for not covering all 8 Software activities Development of tools and studies based on them Geant4 based full simulator, Jupiter and analysis tools, Satellites Study items Particle Flow Analysis – – – – By cheated method By realistic method Performance comparison: digital vs analog, tile size, etc. Better understanding of hadron shower programs Tracking – Khalman track fitter for TPC/IT/VTX – Track reconstruction Backgrounds in tracker Physics performances They will be described in the GLD DOD in detail 9 Detector Geometry in Dec. 2005 Full One Tower EM + HD 6.1λ 27 X0 New Geometry in Jupiter (Feb, 2006) 10 Perfect PFA Perfect track-calorimeter matching based on Monte Calor Info. Shower fluctuation, particle interactions with material fully simulated Identify terms contributing to the resolution to design the best detector u,d,s quark pair Events at Z pole including a best kink track treatment: improves kink ~ 1.3 GeV 11 PFA : error source Contribution to Jet Energy Resolution Effect of Pt cut Neutrino 5mrad cut Low Pt track TPC Resol. EM Cal Resol. HD Cal Resol. Total 0.30 GeV 0.62 0.83 0 1.36 1.70 2.48 B=6T Important to measure low Pt track for the best energy resolution ! 12 Realistic PFA Critical part to complete detector design Large R & medium granularity vs small R & fine granularity Large R & medium B vs small R & high B Red : pion Importance of HD Cal resolution vs granuality Yellow :gamma … Blue : neutron Algorithm developed in GLD: Consists of several steps MIP finding Gamma Finding Small-clustering Cluster-track matching Neutral hadron clustering ee+ 13 PFA performance so far Z-pole events Further improvement necessary to Achieve 30%/Sqrt(E) Similar resol. At higher energy Optimize detector w.r.t jet energy resolution 14 Higgs Study e+e- ZH 4-jet or 2-jet + missing : Studied assuming the cheated PFA performance, using QuickSim Study assuming the realistic PFA performance is in progress Other channels such as ZHH or SUSY processes need to be studied 15 Higgs mass : if Mh=120GeV e e X; e, Differential Luminosity(500GeV) DE/E(beam)~0.1% Incl. beamstrahlung 350GeV, nominal (Mh)~109MeV s / sno min al Incl. beamstrahlung 350GeV, high-lum (Mh)~164MeV Incl. beamstrahlung 250GeV, nominal (Mh)~27MeV 16 Forward Region for SUSY Study MUD FCAL Front and Tail: 30 layers of 3mm Thick Tungsten + 0.3mm thick Si + Air gap CH2 Mask TPC QC1 Response to 10GeV e+ BCAL EMCAL BCAL : Total Z length 20 cm 30 layers of 3mm thick Tungsten + 0.3mm thick Si. + Air gap FCAL 17 Background Low energy e+e- pair background in BCAL region. Simulated using CAIN data, 500 GeV, Nominal parameter ~1/65 bunch of pair backgrounds are simulated BCAL e+/e- tagging in the forward region ? Needs serious study for SUSY physics FCAL 18 VTX R&D in Japan Challenge of ILC Vertex detector To achieve performance goal, vertex detector has to Thin(< 100mt si/layer) pixel device, pt < 5m, # layer > 3 Bunch spacing, ~300nsec, is too short to readout O(1) Giga pixels, but occupancy is too high if accumulate 3000 bunches of data with a standard pixel size of ~ 20x20m2. No proven technology exist yet. Candidates are, Readout during train CPCCD, MAPS, DEPFET, … Local signal storage, and readout between train ISIS, CAP, FAPS, … Fine Pixel, readout between train FPCCD (5x5m2 pixel CCD) In Japan, we (KEK-Tohoku-Niigata collaboration) are proposing Vertex Detector using Fine Pixel CCD (FPCCD) We believe FPCCD is the most feasible option among the proposed technologies 19 FPCCD Chip 5m pixels, to reduce occupancy Promising, because Fine pixel CCD device exists already for optical applications Fully depleted epitaxial layer to suppress charge spread by diffusion Multi-port readout with moderate (~ 15MHz) readout Low temperature operation to keep dark current negligible for 200msec readout cycle. 20 FPCCD Vertex Detector 2 layers Super Layer, 3 super layers in total minimize the wrong-tracking probability due to multiple scattering 6 layers for self-tracking capability Cluster shape analysis can help background rejection Baseline design for GLD 21 Background rejection by cluster shape dW (WZ BG WZ Sig ) 2 (WBG WSig ) 2 WZSig, WSig: Expected width A big advantage of Fine Pixel Sensors 22 B.G. rejection by cluster shape R=20 mm Cut at dW=10 m Ratio All dW<10m Z (mm) 1/20 Z (mm) 23 Status of sensor R&D Fully depleted CCD for astrophysics by Hamamatsu 24 m, 12 m pixel size: Available now We will test them soon : Charge spread, Lorentz angle 5 – 9 m pixel size: Under development Will be available in 0.5 – 1 year Custom fully depleted FPCCD for VTX High speed (~15MHz) Multi-port readout We wish to start in 2006 24 Challenge of TPC technology Principle of TPC Central Membrane Pad Plane ........ E Bz Drift Time Z position Position at Pad plane rposition Challenges To achieve r<150m after long drift of > 2m MWPC MPGD readout R&D issues Gas amplification in MPGD : GEM, MicroMegas Properties of chamber gas: drift velocity, diffusion Ion feedback control 25 TPC R&D A series of beam tests has been done at KEK PS, to study performances Of TPC using readouts of MWPC, GEM, and MicroMegas 26 Beamtest setup MPI Field Cage 26cmL KEK PI2 beamline Beam 1T Magnet 86cm, 1mL Readout Pad 10cmx10cm For MWPC, GEM, MicroMegas 27 MWPC vs GEM 28 B Field Dependance Bfield improves spatial resolution significantly. ILC Target For long drift, diffusion term dominates the spatial resolution. Calculated results of CD are more or less consistent with test results. probably OK to extrapolate to 3~4T need to be confirmed by future tests with large B field and long drift. 29 Comparison with Numerical Calculation Neumerical Calculation (by K. Fujii) MicroMEGAS Pad : 2.3 mm Diffusion Constnat : 469, 285 and 193 m/ cm for B = 0, 0.5 and 1.0 T Neff = 27.5 f : function 2.3 mm / 12 Data: MicroMEGAS B=1T Gas: Ar-isobutane (5%) Pad: 2.3 mm Pads Data X2 X2 0 D 2 / N eff z D/ N eff 38.4 9.7 m/ cm X 0 129 53 m diffusion dominant asymptotic region Resistive Anode or Digital Resolution with short drift length is dominated by Readout pad pitch Width of induced charge on pad plane. KEK Beamtest : MicroMegas TPC and a registive anode readout To increase pad picth Digital TPC : O(100m) pad size and readout Future possibility Increase signal width Resistive anode pad readout, but two track separation might be scarified 31 Plan of TPC R&D Study properties of MPGD, GEM and MicroMegas, and gas amplification mechanism well Simulation/ test bench studies Study chamber gas properties and amplification in MPGD Drift velocity, diffusion constants, … For ILC application, gas with no H is preferred to reduce effects of neutrons background. Positive ion feed back has to be reduced sufficiently Study properties of MPGD with large prototype EUDET Design and develop a large TPC system with electronics. 32 Calorimeter Design goals Fine granularity, O(1) cm, for the best track-cluster matching Crucial for best jet energy resolution Hermetic down to O(10)mrad Elemag and hadron calorimeters are both inside Coil Challenge: Achieve sufficient granularity with a reasonable cost Optimize configuration to satisfy design goals. Develop best PFA. Hardware configuration best meats PFA algorithm Our choice: Scintillator based calorimeter 33 Calorimeter Configuration EM Configuration : Tungsten-Scintillator Strip Large inner radius Small Moliere radius Fine Granuarity Distance of g from p0 at r=210cm O(1) cm segmentation is necessary HD CAL: Lead-Scinti. Sandwitch Active Sensor: Strip/Tile combination 34 GLD CAL Configuration 12 sided shape: EM CAL HD CAL Readout cable goes between HD CAL module to minimize dead space in EM 35 Photon Sensor R&D Merits of Silicon Photon Pixel Sensor Work in Magnetic Field Very compact and can directly mount on the fiber High gain (~106) with a low bias voltage (25~80V) Photon counting capability ~1cm SiPM case: O(100) pixels, Each pixel is in Geiger mode. # hit pixel = # input lights 36 >2000 pix For GLD 37 Status and Plans on Calorimeters ECAL large prototype in progress Sci-strip type HCAL large prototype needs funding! SiPM/MPPC promissing and testing in progress More PFA study painfully needed Optimization for high-energy jets (granularity) Scintillator strip design works? 38 Detector Timeline Accelerator (2005 end) Acc. Baseline Configuration Document (BCD) Detector Detector R&D report (2006,3) “Detector outline documents” (one for each detector concept) (2006 end) Acc. Reference Design Report (RDR) Detector Concept Report (DCR : one document) (~2008) LC site EOI Collaborations form ~Site selection + 1yr Global lab selects experiments. By H.Yamamoto 39 Summary Detector Outline Document will be released soon. But there are many issues yet to be studied. Detector Concept Study will continue further towards DCR. Studies of detector technologies are in progress for Vertex Detector, TPC, and Calorimeter. In all items, regional and interregional cooperation will be strengthened towards detector LOI/TDR in several years: Japan-Korea joint studies on Calorimeter EUDET: TPC and Calorimeter Calorimeter beam tests in FNAL with CALICE … more Detector R&D needs more funding 40 Backup slides 41 More missing items Muon system is probably easy in concept but difficult in practice (large system - support, etc.) - Missing R&D item! Solenoid and compensation coil (DID - for large xing angle) : non-trivial problem to realize, and DID is a problem to solve for trackers and bkg. Forward regions (endcap regions) are important for t-channel productions such as e e h Very forward regions (FCAL, BCAL) are critical for tagging electrons for SUSY pair creations : recently attacked by Korean groups (thanks!) With the long train, DAQ is not a trivial problem (now P. LeDu alone for GLD) Needs more people for beam background simulations 42 43 Beam tests are crucial Cal. Performance depends on cut values. Reported to be solved in the latest Geant4 release (8.0) Beam test and hadron shower simulation is not consistent. Can we use it for the design of highly segmented calorimeter ? Future beam test. 44 Detector R&D plan 2006 : DOD 2006-2008 : Detector R&D Budget : in Japan – applying several resources to get fund 4~5 year terms If founded, complete detector R&D -> to prepare detector TDR In 2006, ACFA workshop ? Detector workshop ? Needs good organization … 45 Coverage in Forward region Crucial for stau search to reduce backgrounds due to two-photon process Response to 10 GeV e+ EMCAL FCAL BCAL No-crack now, BUT Dead spaces has to take into account more seriously Can we detect even in huge beam-beam background ? cos 46