Transcript Chapter 12- Corrections Issues and Practices
Slide 1
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 2
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 3
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 4
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 5
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 6
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 7
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 8
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 9
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 10
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 11
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 12
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 13
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 2
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 3
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 4
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 5
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 6
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 7
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 8
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 9
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 10
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 11
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 12
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers
Slide 13
In 2005 the Supreme Court ruled that it is
unconstitutional to execute a person who
committed a capital crime while younger than 18
years of age.
Then again in 2009 the Supreme Court heard
arguments concerning whether or not it is also
unconstitutional to sentence teens to life without
the possibility of parole.
Then in May of 2010 the supreme court decided
that it was cruel and unusual punishment to
commit non homicide crimes from being sentenced
to life without parole.
Sexual victimization in prisons- while there are
no good statistics to know the true extent of the
problem of sexual assaults in prison it is safe to
say that the prisoner’s sexual needs and
interests do not necessarily stop at the front
gate of the prison.
One recent study examined physical conceptual
victimizations that were reported by nearly 7000
inmates and found that nearly one third of the
inmates had been physically assaulted at least
once and approximate 3% reported at least one
sexual assault.
In September of 2003 President Bush signed into law
the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
As you can see in table 11.1 on page 253 of your
text the bureau of justice statistics survey of Federal
and state prisons, as well as local jails, found the
number of allegations of sexual violence actually
increased by 21% following enactment of the new
law.
Some evidence suggests that the reason for the
increase may have resulted from the new definitions
being adopted as well as improved reporting by
correctional authorities.
Traditional CRT’s- this is a team composed of staff
from all job specialties who trained in riot control
formations and use of defense of equipment.
Armed CRT’s- if the emergency escalates to the
point where a staff member or inmates life are in
imminent danger the prison can have a specially
trained team they can respond with deadly force
when necessary.
Tactical Teams- these are the most highly trained
and skilled emergency response staff.
During the 1970s there was a movement in
order to try and deinstitutionalize criminal
inmates and offenders suffering from mental
illness from your state mental institutions.
The problem is that jails and prisons are not the
proper locations to deal with mental illness.
It remains that one of the biggest concern that
our prison administrators have is to develop and
maintain a viable program to treat and control
these types of inmates.
Between 1993 and 1995, 24 states and the federal
government enacted new habitual offender laws
that have been termed “three-strikes”—laws that
required the state courts to assign enhanced
periods of incarceration to those persons who were
convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or
more separate occasions.
Since their inception, three-strikes laws have varied
widely in their content.
Security needs are classified in terms of the number and
types of architectural barriers that must be placed between
the inmates and the outside world to ensure that they will not
escape and can be controlled.
Custody assignments determine the level of supervision and
types of privileges an inmate will have.
Housing needs can involve the grouping of inmates into three
broad categories: heavy—victimizers, light—victims, and
moderate—neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers
of the second.
Program classification involves using interview and testing
data to determine where the newly arrived inmate should be
placed in work, training, and treatment programs; these are
designed to help the prisoner make a successful return to
society.
Inmates caught with drugs were to be criminally
prosecuted, and those who tested positive
(using hair testing) were to serve disciplinary
custody time.
Highly sensitive drug detection equipment was
employed to detect drugs that visitors might try
to smuggle into the prison, to inspect packages
arriving in the mail, and to detect drugs that
correctional staff might try to bring in.
New policies were issued for inmate movement
and visitation, and a new phone system was
installed to randomly monitor inmates’ calls.
Institutions tend to use limited criteria (such as any
lifetime drug use, possession, drug sales, trafficking) to
determine the need for treatment, leading to a lack of
treatment of a large portion of the prison population that
has abused substances; conversely, many inmates who
legitimately need treatment may be excluded for reasons
unrelated to their substance abuse problems.
Second, it is difficult to find and recruit qualified and
experienced staff in the remote areas where prisons are
often located. In addition, counselors who are well suited
for community based treatment programs will not
necessarily be effective in the prison setting.
Today 31 states have privately run prisons
operating within their states that hold nearly
112,000 inmates, which is 7.2% of the nearly
1.6 million total inmates held in those states.
Proponents have stated, and some recent
studies have shown, that private prisons can do
more with less and actually have less of a
recidivism rate to boot.
However, one of the reasons that has been cited
for the slower rate of prisoner recidivism is that
often these private entities can pick and choose
the inmates they get (they may not get the
hardcore prisoners, for example), who have a
tendency to re-offend at a much higher rate.
The demand for prison space has created a reaction
throughout the corrections industry. With the cost of prison
construction now exceeding $250,000 per cell in maximumsecurity institutions, cost-saving alternatives are becoming
more attractive, if not essential.
A real alternative to incarceration must have three elements
to be effective: it must incapacitate offenders enough so that
it is possible to interfere with their lives and activities to
make committing a new offense extremely difficult, it must
be unpleasant enough to deter offenders from wanting to
commit new crimes, and it has to provide real and credible
protection for the community.
Intensive Probation
and Parole
House Arrest
Electronic
Monitoring
Boot Camps
Day Reporting
Centers