Slide 1

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 2

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 3

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 4

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 5

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 6

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 7

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 8

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 9

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 10

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 11

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 12

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 13

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 14

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 15

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 16

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.


Slide 17

Ch. 7, Sect. 4
Jackson, States’ Rights,
and the National Bank
HW: 9.1

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff raised from 23%-37%.
• WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS?
Higher Tariffs 
Fewer Imports from Britain 

Britain makes less $ 
Britain buying less cotton from South
keeps prices of manufactured goods
artificially high

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828”
• Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’
rights, esp. in South Carolina
• Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and
Protest” calls for nullification (1:53), which
also implied power of a state to secede
from the Union
– Leads to debate in Senate between Webster and
Hayne over the nature of the Union

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts

Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and
inseparable."

Robert Hayne
South Carolina

Growing Sectionalism
• Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes
defender of sectionalism, embittered against
Jackson & nationalism
– Took Hayne’s seat in Senate and he ran for
governor of South Carolina

• Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split
b/w North & South,
b/w Secessionists & Unionists
• 1832: South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828
and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels
•
•
•
•

1832 Tariff slightly reduced tariff of 1828
SC Declared the tariff Null and Void
SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious
Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to
use military to enforce the Tariff
• Henry Clay
– The Great Compromiser
– The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over
several years
– War was avoided, well at least for a few years
– SC. Nullifies the Force Bill (Spite!!!)

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)
• Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter early
• Jackson is suspicious of the BUS
– threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to
“corrupt” politicians

• Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and
its President Nicholas Biddle
• Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks
2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the
Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank
• Jackson opposed the
National Bank
– Personal problems (corrupt
politicians, Biddle)
– Saw the bank as a symbol of
Northern wealth and power
– “Common Man”

• Pet Banks
• Formation of “Whig”
Party
– Jackson viewed as a king
(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic
Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks

Specie
Circular

1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes

Banks stop
accepting
paper $

Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

How would you evaluate Andrew
Jackson’s presidency?
• GOOD:

• BAD:

• “UGLY:”

Whig Party
Candidate
1840

http://www.usconstitution.com/williamhenryharrison_campaignposter.jpg

William
Henry
Harrison

Jackson’s Legacy
• VP Martin van Buren becomes President
– Won election with Jackson's support
– Bank Problems
• “Pet Banks” become “Wildcat banks”
• Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison
– Whig Party
– Defeated van Buren

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week6-pols_and_social_issues/election_1840.jpg

The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp. 218-219

Election of 1840
Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs)
Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy:
Run an old war hero as a “man of the people”
= William Henry Harrison,
Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe
IRONY=

Harrison was the aristocrat,
Van Buren had grown up in poverty.

Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.