Transcript Alkanes ppt
Slide 1
Alkanes and Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Organic Compounds
Bonding in Hydrocarbons
Naming Alkanes
Properties of Alkanes
1
Slide 2
“The most important hypothesis in all of
biology…is that everything that animals do,
atoms do. In other words, there is nothing
that living things do that cannot be
understood from the point of view that
they are made of atoms acting according
to the laws of physics.”
Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
2
Slide 3
Organic Compounds
Contain
carbon
Have
covalent bonds
Have
low melting points
Have
low boiling points
Burn
in air (oxygen)
Are
soluble in non-polar solvents
Can
form large molecules
3
Slide 4
Alkanes
Contain
C and H only
Contain
single bonds C-C
Have
Are
4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom
non-polar
4
Slide 5
Complete Structural Formulas
Show the bonds between each of the
atoms
H
H
HCH
H
C
H
H
H
CH4 , methane
5
Slide 6
More Alkanes
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
Condensed Structural Formulas
H
CH3
CH3
Ethane
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
CH3 CH2 CH3
Propane
6
Slide 7
IUPAC Names
Name
# carbons
Structural Formula
Methane 1
CH4
Ethane
CH3CH3
2
Propane 3
CH3CH2CH3
Butane
CH3CH2CH2CH3
4
Pentane 5
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Hexane 6
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
7
Slide 8
Learning Check Alk1
A. What is the condensed formula for
H H H H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H H
H
B. What is its molecular formula?
C. What is its name?
8
Slide 9
Solution Alk1
A.
CH3CH2CH2CH3
B.
C4H10
C.
butane
9
Slide 10
Reactions of Alkanes
Combustion
alkane + O2
CO2 + H2O + heat
10
Slide 11
Learning Check Alk2
Complete the combustion reaction for
C 3H 8 + O 2
+
Balance your equation
11
Slide 12
Solution Alk2
Step 1
C 3H 8 + O 2
CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C 3H 8 + O 2
3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Step 3
C 3H 8 + 5 O 2
3 CO2 + 4 H2O
12
Slide 13
Learning Check Alk3
Complete and balance the reaction for
the complete combustion of C7H16
13
Slide 14
Solution Alk3
Step 1
C7H16 + O2
CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C7H16 + O2
7 CO2 + 8 H2O
Step 3
C7H16 + 11 O2
7 CO2 + 8 H2O
14
Alkanes and Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Organic Compounds
Bonding in Hydrocarbons
Naming Alkanes
Properties of Alkanes
1
Slide 2
“The most important hypothesis in all of
biology…is that everything that animals do,
atoms do. In other words, there is nothing
that living things do that cannot be
understood from the point of view that
they are made of atoms acting according
to the laws of physics.”
Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
2
Slide 3
Organic Compounds
Contain
carbon
Have
covalent bonds
Have
low melting points
Have
low boiling points
Burn
in air (oxygen)
Are
soluble in non-polar solvents
Can
form large molecules
3
Slide 4
Alkanes
Contain
C and H only
Contain
single bonds C-C
Have
Are
4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom
non-polar
4
Slide 5
Complete Structural Formulas
Show the bonds between each of the
atoms
H
H
HCH
H
C
H
H
H
CH4 , methane
5
Slide 6
More Alkanes
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
Condensed Structural Formulas
H
CH3
CH3
Ethane
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
CH3 CH2 CH3
Propane
6
Slide 7
IUPAC Names
Name
# carbons
Structural Formula
Methane 1
CH4
Ethane
CH3CH3
2
Propane 3
CH3CH2CH3
Butane
CH3CH2CH2CH3
4
Pentane 5
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Hexane 6
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
7
Slide 8
Learning Check Alk1
A. What is the condensed formula for
H H H H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H H
H
B. What is its molecular formula?
C. What is its name?
8
Slide 9
Solution Alk1
A.
CH3CH2CH2CH3
B.
C4H10
C.
butane
9
Slide 10
Reactions of Alkanes
Combustion
alkane + O2
CO2 + H2O + heat
10
Slide 11
Learning Check Alk2
Complete the combustion reaction for
C 3H 8 + O 2
+
Balance your equation
11
Slide 12
Solution Alk2
Step 1
C 3H 8 + O 2
CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C 3H 8 + O 2
3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Step 3
C 3H 8 + 5 O 2
3 CO2 + 4 H2O
12
Slide 13
Learning Check Alk3
Complete and balance the reaction for
the complete combustion of C7H16
13
Slide 14
Solution Alk3
Step 1
C7H16 + O2
CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C7H16 + O2
7 CO2 + 8 H2O
Step 3
C7H16 + 11 O2
7 CO2 + 8 H2O
14