Slide 1

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 2

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 3

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 4

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 5

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 6

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 7

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 8

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 9

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 10

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 11

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 12

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 13

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 14

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 15

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 16

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 17

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 18

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 19

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 20

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 21

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 22

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 23

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 24

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 25

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 26

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 27

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 28

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 29

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 30

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 31

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 32

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 33

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 34

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 35

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 36

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 37

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 38

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 39

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 40

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41


Slide 41

Chapter 6: Material Management

Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH

1

Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management

Material Management

2

Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
... is in general determinded by

• type and quality of construction
materials

• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels
for materials
3

Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor
Operations and Decommissioning in m³
S w ed en

G erm an y

U n ited S tate s

C o u n try

C an a d a

S ize an d ty pe of

4 x 515 M W e

1.200 M W e

reactor

PHW R

PW R

800 M W e
BW R

w aste from 2 5-year

6.900 27 500

6.100 11.000

6.000 –
20.000

6.300

7.500

21.700

40.000

10.000

6.900

12.400

6.700

15.000

15.200

16.300

16.900 37 500

13.000 –
17.900

18.400 –
32.400

13.000

22.500

36.900

56.300

0.3 -0.6

0.4 -0.5

0.4 - 0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.3

op eratio ns*
D eco m m issioning

900 M W e 1.000M W e 1.000 M W e 1.000 M W e
BW R
PW R
BW R
PW R

w astes
T otal w astes*
(operatio ns an d
deco m m issioning)
D eco m m issioning
w astes as a fractio n

of total w aste
* R a n g e s in s o m e e s tim a te s in d ic a te th e c o n c e iv a b le e ffe c t o f p o s s ib le in c in e ra tio n a n d c o m p a c tio n tre a tm e n ts .

4

Major Primary Waste Stream
 Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods,
laboratory furniture...)
 Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor
pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural
materials...)
 Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as
above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...)
 Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs,
floors, shielding walls, room walls...
 Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition
activities of activated or contaminated materials.
 Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps.
 Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...)
 Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
5

Radiological Characterisation

• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs

6

Important Factors for Decommissioning

• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive
waste

• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted
release of material

7

Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant

Non-hazardous
Re-use

Release for
Conventional
Dump

Radioactive
Waste

Melting
Conditioning
Decontamination

Re-use

Refuse Disposal
8
Site

Final
Repository

Structure for material flow
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,
co m p on e n ts

d isp o sa l

a s ra d io a ctiv
w a ste

fin a l d isp o sal
in g e o lo g ical
stru ctu res

n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cycling

co n ve n tio n al

re u se

re cyclin g

d o m e stic w a ste
dump

b u ild in g s

u n re s tric ted
re c y c lin g

b u ild in g w a ste
dump

co m p on e n ts

re c y c lin g
w ith in the
n u c le a r fie ld

w a ste
in cin e ra tion

co n tro lled
re c y c lin g

o th e r typ e of
d isp o sition
9

Definitions and working steps during
treatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible

yes

no

conditioning

raw waste

pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.

interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging

container

waste package
10

interim storage

final disposal

reuse

Decontamination measures for
possible waste streams
contaminated piece
of material

economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses

measurement or calculation
of the contamination

Above release limit

3. conditioning / storage-analyses

negative

positive

choice of the appropiate
decontamination process

lower than
release limit

decontamination for the
purpose of reuse

decontamination for the
purpose of recycling

decontamination for the
purpose of segmentation

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

measurement of
decontamination success

material can be reused ?

yes

reuse

no

material can be reused ?

no

Conditioning and
packaging

yes

recycling
11

disposal as
conventional
waste

final disposal

Example: KRB A

12

Initial Status

13

Mass Flow of contaminated and
activated Material at KRB A

14

Material Balance at KRB A

S 7,075 Mg

1,708 Mg

5,348 Mg

Status: 30.06.02

15

Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems +
components

operating material

tools

post-dismantling

decontamination

free release

recycling
16

waste

Turbine Hall at KRB A

17

Factors for Material Management

18

Disposal or Recycling ?

19

Example for contaminated material:
Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

20

Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator

21

Material Balance of a Steam Generator

22

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

23

Separation of Insulation and Copper

24

Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables

25

View into the Rector Pressure Vessel

26

Example for activated Material:
Dismantling of RPV Internals

27

Container for Final Storage

28

MOSAIK - Container

29

Classification of RPV Material

30

New Waste Container

31

Onion Cast Container (Monolith)

32

Prototype of a Onion Cast Container

33

Technical Measures and Methods
for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Solid Waste

Liquid Waste

- Direct packaging

- Incineration

- Compaction

- Fixation

- Super-Compaction

- Filtration,
Decantation

- Incineration
with super-compaction
of ashes)

- Evaporation

34

Waste Conditioning Methods
M a te ria l

P o s s ib le T re a tm e n t

In te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n

m ix e d m a te ria l,
e .g c a b le , e le c tric
c o m p o n e n ts , s m a ll
p a rts

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

m e ta llic c o m p o n e n ts

m e a s u re m e n ts fo r
u n re s tric te d re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

E x te rn a l P a c k a g in g
a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n
c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l)

C o n ta in e r

d e c o n ta m in a tio n

is o la tio n m a te ria l

m e ltin g

2 0 0 -1 d ru m s

fin a l d is p o s a l

s m a ll c o n ta in e rs
(b o x e s )

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l

(s u p e r-) c o m p a c tio n

p e lle ts

c o n ta in e r fo r p e lle ts
(s u ita b le
fo r fin a l d is p o s a l)

c o n c re te :
b lo c k s , d e b ris

d e c o n ta m in a tio n
re le a s e

s m a ll c o n ta in e r

c o n ta in e r (s u ita b le fo r
fin a l d is p o s a l)

bags

c o n ta in e r fo r fin a l
d is p o s a l (a fte r s u p e rc o m p a c tio n o f a s h e s )

fin a l d is p o s a l
s e c o n d a ry w a s te s :
p ro te c tio n c lo th s , fo ils ,
e tc .

in c in e ra tio n o r s im ila r
p ro c e s s e s
35

In-drum Compactor

36

Burnable Waste Compactor

37

FAKIR - Supercompactor

38

FAKIR - Supercompactor

39

FAKIR - Supercompactor

40

PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant

41