Slide 1

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 2

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 3

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 4

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 5

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 6

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 7

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 8

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 9

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 10

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 11

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 12

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 13

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 14

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 15

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 16

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 17

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 18

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 19

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 20

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 21

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 22

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 23

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 24

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 25

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 26

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 27

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 28

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 29

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 30

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 31

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 32

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 33

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 34

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 35

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 36

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 37

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 38

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 39

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 40

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 41

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 42

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 43

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 44

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 45

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 46

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 47

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 48

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 49

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 50

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 51

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 52

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 53

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 54

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 55

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 56

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 57

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 58

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 59

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 60

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 61

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 62

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 63

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 64

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 65

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 66

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 67

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 68

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 69

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 70

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 71

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 72

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 73

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 74

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 75

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 76

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 77

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 78

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 79

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 80

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 81

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 82

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 83

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 84

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 85

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 86

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 87

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 88

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 89

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 90

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 91

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 92

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 93

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 94

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 95

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 96

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 97

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 98

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 99

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 100

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 101

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 102

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 103

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 104

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 105

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 106

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 107

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 108

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 109

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 110

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 111

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 112

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 113

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 114

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 115

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 116

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 117

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 118

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 119

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 120

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.


Slide 121

TAKS Objective 1
Coach Smith
Waco High Chemistry
2006-2007

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST
ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards
four times.
2. Time how long it takes to sort
the cards into four suits.
3. Repeat the activity at the same
times for two days.

Data
Time of Day

Average
Sorting Time (s)

8:00 A.M.

130

12:00 Noon

105

4:00 P.M.

122

8:00 P.M.

127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Objective 1

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
A.

1

0

2
3

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
1

10

15

2

0

20

3

20

B.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
C.

1

20

15

2

10

15

3

0

1

15

2
3

D.

Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
(10 cm from light)
(50 cm)
(90 cm)
2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical
activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily
observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of
bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data
tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

Beaker Number of Bubbles/Min.
D.

1

20

2

10

3

0

Objective 1

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more
water than vegetation in other areas.
B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space
for vegetation.
C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of
de-icing solution.
D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways
are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into
control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown
under identical conditions except that the experimental groups
are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used
on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of
the control and experimental groups is compared.
3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that
grow near roadways.

Objective 1

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
G. Older students have developed
better hand washing habits than
younger students.
H. Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
J. Improper hand washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.

Days Absent (per student)

4. The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students who
wash their hands properly with
absenteeism of students who fail to
wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported
by these data?
F. Proper hand washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.

Students
Students
washing hands
not washing
correctly
hands correctly

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –
A. Pressurized
B. Corrosive
C. Flammable
D. Toxic

5. This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation

Experiment

Objective 1

Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom
B. A covering on its surface
C. Reduced pressure on the bottom
D. Contact with a cooler surface

Experimental Preparation

Experiment
Start = 0 minutes
Finish = 0 minutes

6.

After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of
food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has –
A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an
x-ray.
J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are
elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial
infection. People with a viral infection show only trace
amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be
determined in about an hour after a blood test.
7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.
B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was
plastic.
C. Student viewed the ruler from a different
angle.
D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard
cm marks.

8. Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most
likely explanation for the difference in the
reported values is that one –
A. Student improperly read the ruler.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African
limestone mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the
topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –
F. Histogram
G. Circle Graph
H. Line Graph
J. Box-whisker Graph

10. A researcher determined the percentage
of electrical energy transformed into
different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is
to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

Objective 1

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.
Water and 2% root hormone.
Water only.
Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and
1% root hormone.

Water and 5%
root hormone

Control

Water and 10%
root hormone

Water and 15%
root hormone
11. A valid study would include a control group containing –
F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –
A.
B.
C.
D.

So bubbles are visible
At a 180° angle from the flame
Toward a ventilated area
Away from nearby people

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is
heated in an open test tube, the test tube
should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with
cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals
are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are
focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules
are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes
them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film
is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming
black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the
most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains
negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the
negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the
lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The
negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents
the same image on photo paper.
Negative Image

Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Convex Lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave Mirror

13. Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light
efficiently.
B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the
film.
C. The film retracts brighter light.
D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

14. Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower
intensity light.

Objective 1

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

0

Solubility
(g/100 mL)
Temperature
(°C)

100

0

D

60

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

C

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

B

60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

A

Temperature
(°C)

100

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Group

Temperature (°C)

Solubility (g/100 mL)

A

0

28

B

10

31

C

20

34

D

30

37

E

40

40

F

60

45

G

80

51

H

90

54

I

100

56

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as
possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a
different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between
solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?
60

Solubility
(g/100 mL)

D

0

Temperature
(°C)

100

Objective 1

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies
and grocery stores
B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can
decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the
onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines
once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood
pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take
AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may
16.
conclusion
about AvexTec
is supported
bybelieve
information
this
haveWhich
serious
heart-related
complications.
If you
that in
you
haveadvertisement?
risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure,
high cholesterol,
or aover
family
disease, or if
A. AvexTecsmoking
is available
the history
counter of
at heart
local pharmacies
you are pregnant,
nursing
and grocery
storesor taking other medications, talk to your
doctor.B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience
pain from migraines.
C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine
headaches.
D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)
G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)
H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)
J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2)  (mass of solid)

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas.
Which of the following expressions correct shows how to
determine the mass of the gas?
F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –
A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.
B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling.
C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.
D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Bubbles

Empty Glass
Warm Water
(45°C)

Before

After

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the
water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass.
The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog
G. Dog and kangaroo
H. Horse and penguin
J. Penguin and kangaroo

Objective 1

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are
used to determined how closely species are related.

Horse

Dog

Kangaroo

Penguin

Horse

0

6

7

12

Dog

6

0

7

10

Kangaroo

7

7

0

10

Penguin

12

10

10

0

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome
c in four different animals. According to the table, which
two animals are most closely related to each other.
F. Horse and dog

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid?
A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.
G. Density along each face.
H. Mass per unit of volume
J. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used
to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s –
F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

A

Observe odor
Determine temperature
Observe color
Determine boiling point

C

Observe volume
Determine mass
Observe color
Determine pH

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

D

Determine mass
Observe volume
Determine temperature
Observe odor

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water?

B

Observe odor
Determine pH
Determine density
Determine boiling point

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.
F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound
height.
H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound
height.
J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

45
40
35
Rebound Height 30
25
(cm)
20
15
10
5
0

Objective 1

Material

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm
onto five different materials. The rebound height of each
drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light.
C. Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria.
D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of
protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in
crops?
A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to
determine whether a substance is a
base?
G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Heating water with an open flame.
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Objective 1

Momentum
(kgm/s)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Answer: 200

0.5

1.0

1.5

Time (s)

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.75

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given
mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record
and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts

? V = 400
50VV
=
80 m
10 m

Cross Multiply
then Divide

x

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

Objective 1

125
100

Voltage
(V)

75
50
25
0

5

10

15

20

25

Length of Wire (m)

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?

? V = 400 V
D. 400 volts

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?
F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher
altitudes.
G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation
H. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea
level.
J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at
Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

Location

Corpus Christi

Fort Davis

Lipscomb

Latitude

27°48’N

30°35’N

36°14’N

Longitude

97°24’N

103°54’N

100°16’N

0 (sea level)

1494

728

20

25

22

100.0

95.0

97.6

Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (°C)

29.

Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date
above show how sanitizing time varies in different
locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A. The number of participants in the study.
B. The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.
C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.
D. The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the
study.

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave
injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The
chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur
noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old
batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera
bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also
injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected.
Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected
previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea
was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases.
Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.
G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.
H. The changes in the shape and color of the
bacterial colonies.
J. The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most
useful data after Pasteur injected a group of
chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected
chickens.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?
A. Most horses like the medication.
B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.
C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.
D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

100
90
80
Percentage of 70
60
Horses That
Stopped Chewing 50
40
on Wood
30
20
10
0

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Objective 1

9 10

Day Number

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can
lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents
horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the effectiveness of the
product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.
G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.
H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines.
J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil
found on an island formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried
from Africa by huge dust clouds.
33. Which study would most likely be used to
investigate this hypothesis?
F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece

Coarse-focus knob

Diaphragm
34. The picture below shows a compound microscope.
What part of the microscope should be used to adjust
the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?
F.
G.
H.
J.

Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon

Periods show the Energy Levels
Groups show the Number of Valence Electrons

Objective 1

Energy Level

1

2

3

Electrons

2

8

8

35. According to the periodic table and the
information above, which element has this
electron configuration?

J. Argon

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would
absorb too much acid.
B. The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish
would consume too much energy.
D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?
F. What was the average age of the people in the
study?
G. What was the most common occupation of people in
the study?
H. How many people were included in the study?
J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat
hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing
aids. People with different types of hearing loss were
included in the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?
A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3.
B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of
Liquid 3.
C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.
D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three
layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the
information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of
Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

F

G

H

J

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution?

H

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?
A. Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers.
B. A survey showing that many
people prefer pearl calcium.
C. Records that show few requests
for money back.
D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best
scientific support for the information
on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the
effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4

32 + 24 = 66

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial

Reactant 1
Mass (g)

Reactant 2
Mass (g)

Product
Mass (g)

1

32

24

8

2

32

24

55

3

32

24

66

4

32

24

28

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-ofmass experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was –

32 + 24 = 66
H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.

Objective 1

Properties of Some Gases
Gas

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Chlorine

Molecular Mass
(amu)

2

32

44

71

Density
(g/L; at 0°C)

0.09

1.43

1.98

3.21

Boiling Point
(°C)

-253

-183

-78*

-35

Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20°C)

0.02

0.03

0.88

2.30

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)
40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in
the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F.
G.
H.
J.

To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results
Treatment Group
(200)

Patients Reporting Relief
After 2 Weeks After 4 Weeks

Received Medication

33

92

Received placebo
(sugar tablet)

13

58

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the
effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was
one group given a sugar tablet?
F. To include a control group

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

Objective 1

Initial
Setup

0%
NaCl

1%
NaCl

2%
NaCl

3%
NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?
F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric
current?
G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an
electric circuit?
J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

Material
Copper

Experimental
Results

Conducts Electricity

Yes

No

X

Glass

X

Chalk

X

Silver

Objective 1

X

Wood

X

Sulfur

X

Tin

X

Zinc

X

43. According to these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity?

J.

Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals
from other materials?

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of
antibiotics.
C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate.
D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

• Mycobacterium

tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in

Objective 1

humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis
bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow
them to survive.
• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F.
G.
H.
J.

Remove their goggles
Review their notes
Wash their hands
Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three,
students make observations using a hand lens,
forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a
group have finished their observations. These two
students may do all of the following except –
F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A.
B.
C.
D.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using
the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was
placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above
the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant.
The gas in the space above the water was mostly –
A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.
F.
G.
H.
J.

20
24
27
36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a
5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all
other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should
be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

J.

36

Objective 1

Grasshopper
body length

Cricket
body length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure
their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
What is the difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
Answer: 2.4

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans.
H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse
gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the
Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward
across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise
to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep
ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise
lie near the bottom of the ocean.
49. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?
A. Triple-beam balance
B. Thermometer
C. Magnifying glass
D. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light
bulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.
G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored
apples.
H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by
treatment with MCP.
J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Apple Acidity
(%)

0.50

Objective 1

Variations in Apple Acidity

Q = 20°C
R = 20°C + MCP
S = 0.5°C
T = 0.5°C + MCP

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

At
Harvest

Q

R

S

T

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270
days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature
(20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples
were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to
these data, it can be inferred that –
F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain
acidity best.

Soap-Making Project
Materials:
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedure:
• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and
mix thoroughly.
• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.
• Stir until a thick paste forms.
• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
• Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric ruler
B. Metric ruler and stopwatch
C. Magnifying glass and balance
D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added
to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
F.
G.
H.
J.

The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product
questionable?
G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams

Solubility
(g/100g of H20

Objective 1

240
220
200
180
160
140
120

NaClO3

100
80
60
40
20
0

KBr

KNO3

NaCl

20

40
60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
G. 25 million
H. 64 million
J. 84 million

16 million

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

Objective 1

60
50

Fertilizer
(millions of
metric tons)

40
30
20
10
0
1967

1977

1987

1997

Year

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used
in the United States. According to the graph, how
many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years
later?
50 million
F. 16 million
- 34 million
16 million

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is more logical than past hypotheses.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filled
with water

Tray filled with water and
Covered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep
water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water
remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.