Slide 1

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 2

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 3

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 4

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 5

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 6

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 7

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 8

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 9

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 10

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 11

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 12

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 13

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 14

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 15

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm


Slide 16

Tracy Kammerer

This unit on simple machines was founded on the Michigan
Curriculum Framework Science Benchmark . Students participating
in this unit will be able to identify and use all six types of simple
machines.
The following benchmarks are reflected upon during our conceptual change unit plan.
Constructing:
Generate questions about the world based on observation. I.1.E.1
Develop solutions to problems through reasoning, observation and investigations. I.1.E.2

Reflecting:
Develop an awareness of the need for evidence in making decisions scientifically. II.1.E.1
Show how science concepts can be illustrated through creative expression such as language
arts and fine arts. II.1.E.2.
Describe ways in which technology is used in everyday life. II.1.E.3.
Using:
All students will describe how things around us move, explain why things move as they do
and demonstrate and explain how we control the motion of objects: Identify and use simple
machines and describe how they change effort. IV.3.E.4

What are Simple Machines?
• Tools that are used to make work easier.
• They are so simple that they do not appear to be
machines at all.
• There are six simple or basic machines.
– Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges and
wheel and axles

• Compound machines have two or more simple
machines working together to make work easier.
• Simple machines help us do work that would be
more difficult to do without them.

Look around for some Simple
Machines
• What are some simple
machines that you
have seen?
• What are they used
for?
• In what ways can they
make our lives and
work easier?

These are the Simple Machines that we
will be providing information on.
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane

• Screw
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle

Inclined Planes
• A plane is a flat surface.
• An inclined plane is a
surface that slants
• An example of an inclined
plane is a ramp.
• A inclined plane makes
our life easier because
when you are pushing an
object along a ramp, you
will use less effort than if
you were lifting the object
straight up.

Levers
• A lever is a long, stiff bar. The
bar rests on a point called the
fulcrum. The fulcrum does not
move. When force is put on
one end of the lever, the other
end lifts a load.
• An example of a lever is a
seesaw.
• This make our lives easier
because it reduces the amount
of force needed to move a load
by spreading it out over a
greater distance.

Wheels and Axles
• A wheel and axle is a rod
attached to a wheel. The
axle goes through the
center of the wheel. The
wheel turns when a force
turns the axle. The axle
turns when a force turns
the wheel.
• An example would be a
car.
• This makes our lives much
easier today vs. the horse
and buggy days!!!

Gears
• Gears are pairs of
wheels that turn
together, making one
axle or shaft turn
another.
• A bicycle has gears.
• The gears make it
easier for the bicycle
to go up hill.

Pulleys
• Pulleys are for hoisting
things up. A cord wraps
around a wheel. As the
wheel rotates, the cord
moves in either direction.
• An example of a pulley is
on a flagpole.
• The cord rotates around
the pulley and lowers the
hooks where you can
attach the flag. Then you
rotate the cord and the flag
raises high on the pole.

Wedge
• A wedge is a small
ramp that can be
moved.
• An axe blade is a
wedge.
• Having an axe makes
our lives easier
especially when we
need wood for our
fireplaces

Screws
• A screw is a coneshaped machine with a
groove that winds
round and round it in a
spiral. The groove is
called a thread.
• Screws are used by
carpenters when
building houses.

Fascinating Facts
• Simple stone axes were made by the first human
beings hundreds of thousands of years ago. They
tied wedge-shaped pieces of stone to wooden
handles.
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt are nearly 5,000
years old. Every stone was moved by people or
animals. That’s not a simple machine.
• The biggest wheel is The Gigantic Millennium
Wheel that was erected in London in the year
2000 to celebrate the millennium. It is 500ft.
High.

A few more Simple Machine
examples:
• Cranes are machines
that lift heavy objects
with a pulley.
• Old fashioned clocks
have gears.
• An inclined plane is
also the slides children
play on.
• A doorknob is a wheel
and axle.

• Pogo sticks have
springs.
• You have to screw on
pop bottle tops and
hoses.
• Zippers are a type of
wedge.
• Diving boards have
springs.

Fantastic Job!!!
• You now have some great knowledge about
simple machines and the ability to apply
this knowledge.
• Be on the look out for simple machines all
around you.
• Share examples you encounter with your
classmates.

Bibliography
• Welsbacher, Anne. Simple Machines. Bridgestone
Books. Capstone Press. 2001.
• Graphics-www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/AFpages2.htm
• Images- http://www.google.com
• Informational Sitehttp://www.kidinfo.com/Science/Physics.html
• http://www.library.thinkquest.org/Joo2079f/sub3.h
tm