Transcript Bacteria & Viruses
Slide 1
Bacteria & Viruses
SBI 3U
Slide 2
Remember - MRS. NERG
•Movement
•Reproduction
•Sensitivity
•Nutrition
•Excretion
•Respiration
•Growth
Slide 3
6 Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Archaea
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plants
Animals
No Viruses
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Bacteria
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Types of Bacteria
•
•
•
•
Coccus (cocci) - Round
Baccilus (baccili) – rod shaped
Spirochete – corkscrew shaped
Vibrios – comma shaped
Slide 10
Slide 11
Classification of Bacteria
•
•
Until recently classification has done on the basis of such traits as:
shape
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
bacilli: rod-shaped
cocci: spherical
spirilla: curved walls
ability to form spores
method of energy production (glycolysis for anaerobes, cellular respiration for aerobes
nutritional requirements
reaction to the Gram stain.
The Gram stain is named after the 19th century Danish bacteriologist who developed it.
The bacterial cells are first stained with a purple dye called crystal violet.
Then the preparation is treated with alcohol or acetone.
This washes the stain out of gram-negative cells.
To see them now requires the use of a counterstain of a different color (e.g., the pink of
safranin).
Bacteria that are not decolorized by the alcohol/acetone wash are gram-positive.
Slide 12
Viruses
• Viruses can’t metabolize nutrients, produce
and excrete wastes, move around on their
own, or even reproduce unless they are inside
another organism’s cells.
• They aren’t even cells.
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Role of viruses…
• “Viruses have played key roles in shaping the
history of life on our planet by shuffling and
redistributing genes in and among organisms
and by causing diseases in animals and plants.
Viruses have been the culprits in many human
diseases, including smallpox, flu, AIDS, certain
types of cancer, and the ever-present common
cold.”
http://www.microbeworld.org/microbes/virus/
Slide 16
• When viruses come into contact with host cells,
they trigger the cells to engulf them, or fuse
themselves to the cell membrane so they can
release their DNA into the cell.
Slide 17
Viruses “hijack” the cell
Slide 18
• “Once inside a host cell, viruses take over its
machinery to reproduce.
• Viruses override the host cell’s normal
functioning with their own set of instructions
that shut down production of host proteins
and direct the cell to produce viral proteins to
make new virus particles.
http://www.microbeworld.org/microbes/virus/
Slide 19
Slide 20
Slide 21
Lytic Cycle
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attachment
Penetration
Synthesis
Assembly
Lysis
Release
Mnemonic:
All Pirates Sail Around Looking for Riches
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
All Viruses are pathogenic
• There are NO nice viruses………
• All viruses cause disease.
Slide 25
Diseases Caused by Virus To Human
Causal Agent
Organs Affected
Transmission /
Vector
Influenza
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplets
Adenovirus Infections
DNA
Lungs, Eyes
Droplets, Contact
Droplets
Respiratory Syncytial
Disease
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplets
Rhinovirus Infections
RNA
Upper Respiratory Tract
Droplets,Contact
Herpes Simplex
DNA
Skin,Pharynx, Genital
organs
Contact
Chicken pox (
Varicella)
DNA
Skin, Nervous System
Droplets, Contact
Measles (Rubeola)
RNA
Respiratory Tract, Skin
Droplets, Contact
German Measles (
Rubella)
RNA
Skin
Droplets, Contact
Mumps (Epidemic
Parotitis)
RNA
Salivary Glands, Blood
Droplets
Small Pox (Variola)
DNA
Skin, Blood
Contact, Droplets
Warts Kawasaki
Disease
DNA
Skin
?
Disease
Slide 26
Hepatitis B
DNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
NANB Hepatitis
RNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
Viral Gastroenteritis
Many RNA Viruses
Intestine
Food, Water
Viral Fevers
Many RNA Viruses
Blood
Contact,arthropods
Cytomegalovirus
Disease
DNA
Blood, Lungs
Contact, Congenital transfer
AIDS
Retrovirus ( RNA)
T-lymphocytes
Contact with body Fluids
Rabies
RNA
Brain, Spinal cord
Conact with body Fluids
Polio
RNA
Intestine,Brain, Spinal Cord
Food, Water, Contact
Slow Virus Disease
Prions
Brain
?
Arboviral Enephalitis
Many RNA viruses
Brain
Anthropods
Yellow Fever
RNA
Liver, Blood
Mosquito ( Aedes
Aegypti)
Dengue Fever
RNA
Blood, Muscles
Mosquito ( Aedes
Aegypti )
Hepatitis A
RNA
Liver
Food, Water, Contact
Slide 27
http://library.thinkquest.org/23054/gather/index.shtml
Bacteria & Viruses
SBI 3U
Slide 2
Remember - MRS. NERG
•Movement
•Reproduction
•Sensitivity
•Nutrition
•Excretion
•Respiration
•Growth
Slide 3
6 Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Archaea
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plants
Animals
No Viruses
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Bacteria
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Types of Bacteria
•
•
•
•
Coccus (cocci) - Round
Baccilus (baccili) – rod shaped
Spirochete – corkscrew shaped
Vibrios – comma shaped
Slide 10
Slide 11
Classification of Bacteria
•
•
Until recently classification has done on the basis of such traits as:
shape
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
bacilli: rod-shaped
cocci: spherical
spirilla: curved walls
ability to form spores
method of energy production (glycolysis for anaerobes, cellular respiration for aerobes
nutritional requirements
reaction to the Gram stain.
The Gram stain is named after the 19th century Danish bacteriologist who developed it.
The bacterial cells are first stained with a purple dye called crystal violet.
Then the preparation is treated with alcohol or acetone.
This washes the stain out of gram-negative cells.
To see them now requires the use of a counterstain of a different color (e.g., the pink of
safranin).
Bacteria that are not decolorized by the alcohol/acetone wash are gram-positive.
Slide 12
Viruses
• Viruses can’t metabolize nutrients, produce
and excrete wastes, move around on their
own, or even reproduce unless they are inside
another organism’s cells.
• They aren’t even cells.
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Role of viruses…
• “Viruses have played key roles in shaping the
history of life on our planet by shuffling and
redistributing genes in and among organisms
and by causing diseases in animals and plants.
Viruses have been the culprits in many human
diseases, including smallpox, flu, AIDS, certain
types of cancer, and the ever-present common
cold.”
http://www.microbeworld.org/microbes/virus/
Slide 16
• When viruses come into contact with host cells,
they trigger the cells to engulf them, or fuse
themselves to the cell membrane so they can
release their DNA into the cell.
Slide 17
Viruses “hijack” the cell
Slide 18
• “Once inside a host cell, viruses take over its
machinery to reproduce.
• Viruses override the host cell’s normal
functioning with their own set of instructions
that shut down production of host proteins
and direct the cell to produce viral proteins to
make new virus particles.
http://www.microbeworld.org/microbes/virus/
Slide 19
Slide 20
Slide 21
Lytic Cycle
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attachment
Penetration
Synthesis
Assembly
Lysis
Release
Mnemonic:
All Pirates Sail Around Looking for Riches
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
All Viruses are pathogenic
• There are NO nice viruses………
• All viruses cause disease.
Slide 25
Diseases Caused by Virus To Human
Causal Agent
Organs Affected
Transmission /
Vector
Influenza
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplets
Adenovirus Infections
DNA
Lungs, Eyes
Droplets, Contact
Droplets
Respiratory Syncytial
Disease
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplets
Rhinovirus Infections
RNA
Upper Respiratory Tract
Droplets,Contact
Herpes Simplex
DNA
Skin,Pharynx, Genital
organs
Contact
Chicken pox (
Varicella)
DNA
Skin, Nervous System
Droplets, Contact
Measles (Rubeola)
RNA
Respiratory Tract, Skin
Droplets, Contact
German Measles (
Rubella)
RNA
Skin
Droplets, Contact
Mumps (Epidemic
Parotitis)
RNA
Salivary Glands, Blood
Droplets
Small Pox (Variola)
DNA
Skin, Blood
Contact, Droplets
Warts Kawasaki
Disease
DNA
Skin
?
Disease
Slide 26
Hepatitis B
DNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
NANB Hepatitis
RNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
Viral Gastroenteritis
Many RNA Viruses
Intestine
Food, Water
Viral Fevers
Many RNA Viruses
Blood
Contact,arthropods
Cytomegalovirus
Disease
DNA
Blood, Lungs
Contact, Congenital transfer
AIDS
Retrovirus ( RNA)
T-lymphocytes
Contact with body Fluids
Rabies
RNA
Brain, Spinal cord
Conact with body Fluids
Polio
RNA
Intestine,Brain, Spinal Cord
Food, Water, Contact
Slow Virus Disease
Prions
Brain
?
Arboviral Enephalitis
Many RNA viruses
Brain
Anthropods
Yellow Fever
RNA
Liver, Blood
Mosquito ( Aedes
Aegypti)
Dengue Fever
RNA
Blood, Muscles
Mosquito ( Aedes
Aegypti )
Hepatitis A
RNA
Liver
Food, Water, Contact
Slide 27
http://library.thinkquest.org/23054/gather/index.shtml