Transcript Professor Richard Larkins, Vice
Slide 1
The International Agenda
Richard Larkins, AO
VC and President
Monash University, Australia
Slide 2
What Do We Mean by Internationalisation?
• Students being educated in foreign country
• International programs of universities offered in
partnership or on-line
• International campuses
• International exchange and “study-abroad”
programs
• International research collaborations
• International focus of curriculum
Slide 3
International Students in Australian
Universities (2004)
• Australia with a population of 21
million (0.3% of world’s population)
had 9% share of the global market in
cross-border tertiary study
• 24.2% of Australia’s students are
foreign (cf UK 11.3%, USA 3.5%)
• 228,555 foreign students undertake
degree level higher education in
Australia
Slide 4
Number of domestic and international students
(Full-time Equivalent)
Actual student numbers (fulltime equivalent load)
700000
600000
All Domestic
Postgraduate
500000
Total All Students
400000
International FeePaying Students
300000
200000
100000
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
Source: DEST Selected Higher Education Student Statistics.
2004
Slide 5
Demographics of international students
Country of Permanent Residence - All Campuses
As at 31 August 2004
Botswana
1%
Japan
1%
Taiwan
1%
Korea (South)
1%
South Africa
1%
United States of America
1%
Norway
1%
Bangladesh
1%
Malaysia
23%
Viet Nam
1%
Sri Lanka
2%
Thailand
2%
India
5%
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
15%
Indonesia
9%
Singapore
13%
China (excl SARs &
Taiwan)
14%
Slide 6
Why do Universities Admit Foreign
Students?
Universities’ perspective
• Source of income
• Builds links with other countries
• Rich cultural experience for own
students
• Establishes reputation
Slide 7
IDP choice factors for Australia (GSM 2003)
High quality education
94%
World recognised
89%
Safe environment
89%
Affordable cost of living
83%
Employment overseas
82%
English speaking
81%
Employment at home
80%
Affordability of tuition
79%
Culturally tolerant
79%
Life experience
78%
Slide 8
Issues Relating to Foreign Students in
Australia
• How to maintain quality of education in
presence of increased student numbers
• How to maintain English standards of
students and staff
• How to avoid imbalance of cultural
groups
• How to achieve benefit from cultural
enrichment
• How to support the students
• How to avoid cultural ghettoes
Slide 9
Potential Problems for Universities with Programs
Offered in Partnership or On-line
• How to maintain quality – risk to
reputation
• How to avoid loss of IP
• How to understand real costs
• How to maintain research-teaching
nexus
Slide 10
Rationale for International Campuses
•
Give a real international engagement and perspective that
partnerships/twinning can never do
•
Allows students from one country to pass seamlessly to another for
different phases of his/her education (e.g.Global BA)
•
Allows research on global issues to be conducted on global basis (e.g.
sustainability including water and energy, public health, global
movements, security, regulatory affairs)
•
Establishes visibility, reputation if done properly
•
Consistent with social justice objectives
•
NOT – making money
Slide 11
Monash South Africa
Slide 12
Slide 13
Dilemmas in relation to International Campuses and
Centres
•
•
•
•
How to maintain quality and keep costs in control
Time taken to get to research and research training focus
How to avoid neo-colonial or paternalistic approach
How to convince local regulatory authorities and
universities that the campus is about quality, partnership
and contribution and not about profiteering
So: High maintenance, not to be undertaken lightly, but real
benefits
Slide 14
Student exchanges – 1993 to 2001
3500
Inbound students
3000
2500
Outbound students
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Source: AVCC UMAP Survey, 2001
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Slide 15
Benefits of Study Abroad and Student Exchange
Programs
• Great experience for students –
educational and life
• All the benefits of learning in an
international environment
• Build new networks of friends and
professional colleagues
Slide 16
International Research Collaborations
• An essential component of modern
research
• Access to international funding sources
• Destination for postdoctoral students
• Recruiting source
Slide 17
What are the Requirements for Successful
International Research Collaborations
• How to make them significant and
sustainable – how to turn MOUs into real
action
• How to manage them all
• How to choose partners – your
university will be known by the company
it keeps
Slide 18
Monash University’s Approach to International
Research Collaborations
• Let them grow organically, driven by mutual
interests of researchers
• In addition, a limited number of defined
partnerships with quality partners
• A focussed process of developing joint
ventures – e.g. IMRA, joint research
laboratories with leading Chinese institutions
including with Peking University Stem Cell
Centre of Excellence, Sichuan University
Slide 19
Research Only International
Campus
•
•
•
The IITB-Monash Research Academy is
a joint venture between two of the
world’s leading research institutions.
The Academy will operate as an
autonomous, independent entity.
The Academy will undertake
multidisciplinary research in 6 (initial)
thematic areas:
Advanced computational engineering
Infrastructure engineering.
Clean energy.
Water.
Nanotechnology.
Biotechnology and stem cell research.
Slide 20
Virtual Organisations
• ICT enables distributed
knowledge communities
that collaborate and
communicate across
disciplines, distances and
cultures
• ‘Virtual organisations’ that
transcend geographic and
institutional boundaries
• Eliminates the tyranny of
distance
Slide 21
Data Re-use
• Public archiving of research data
allows for distributed and iterative
analysis by multiple research teams
e.g. Hubble telescope
– Each year: a total of 20,000
individual observations
– There are more research papers
written by “second use” of the
research data, than by the use
initially proposed
• Publishing data allows colleagues to
‘open the black box’ of research
projects
Slide 22
Computational Resources and Data Storage at
Monash
• World-leading groups in distributed computing and
data processing
e.g. NIMROD system uses computing resources
distributed through Pacific Rim to analyse huge
amounts of data.
– Allows first-of-its-kind analysis of climate data and models
• Largest pool of computational resources across
campus (including idle desktops)
Slide 23
International Focus of Curriculum
• We wish to prepare students for a life where
business, industries and the professions are
practised on a global basis
• Progressively, must bring in international
balance rather than narrow parochial viewpoint
• Has especial relevance to professional
education as more generalist education should
already have this focus
• But balance with the desire of the students to
have a local experience and education
Slide 24
G o 8 International Initiatives
• G o 8 DAAD (German Academic
Exchange Service) scheme
• G o 8 European Fellowships (ECRs from
Eastern Europe, 8 x $20,000)
• G o 8 with China 9 – MOU for DOGS to
work together
• G o 8 with CIC in USA
Slide 25
What is the Philosophy Underlying
International Focus for Universities
•
Must prepare graduates to work in a global economy, global
companies – international perspective essential
•
Many research questions benefit from international approach
•
A network of alumni in many countries a huge benefit to the
university and country
•
Understanding different cultures and religions intellectually and
emotionally rich and rewarding
•
It will lead to a more peaceful and secure world
The International Agenda
Richard Larkins, AO
VC and President
Monash University, Australia
Slide 2
What Do We Mean by Internationalisation?
• Students being educated in foreign country
• International programs of universities offered in
partnership or on-line
• International campuses
• International exchange and “study-abroad”
programs
• International research collaborations
• International focus of curriculum
Slide 3
International Students in Australian
Universities (2004)
• Australia with a population of 21
million (0.3% of world’s population)
had 9% share of the global market in
cross-border tertiary study
• 24.2% of Australia’s students are
foreign (cf UK 11.3%, USA 3.5%)
• 228,555 foreign students undertake
degree level higher education in
Australia
Slide 4
Number of domestic and international students
(Full-time Equivalent)
Actual student numbers (fulltime equivalent load)
700000
600000
All Domestic
Postgraduate
500000
Total All Students
400000
International FeePaying Students
300000
200000
100000
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
Source: DEST Selected Higher Education Student Statistics.
2004
Slide 5
Demographics of international students
Country of Permanent Residence - All Campuses
As at 31 August 2004
Botswana
1%
Japan
1%
Taiwan
1%
Korea (South)
1%
South Africa
1%
United States of America
1%
Norway
1%
Bangladesh
1%
Malaysia
23%
Viet Nam
1%
Sri Lanka
2%
Thailand
2%
India
5%
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
15%
Indonesia
9%
Singapore
13%
China (excl SARs &
Taiwan)
14%
Slide 6
Why do Universities Admit Foreign
Students?
Universities’ perspective
• Source of income
• Builds links with other countries
• Rich cultural experience for own
students
• Establishes reputation
Slide 7
IDP choice factors for Australia (GSM 2003)
High quality education
94%
World recognised
89%
Safe environment
89%
Affordable cost of living
83%
Employment overseas
82%
English speaking
81%
Employment at home
80%
Affordability of tuition
79%
Culturally tolerant
79%
Life experience
78%
Slide 8
Issues Relating to Foreign Students in
Australia
• How to maintain quality of education in
presence of increased student numbers
• How to maintain English standards of
students and staff
• How to avoid imbalance of cultural
groups
• How to achieve benefit from cultural
enrichment
• How to support the students
• How to avoid cultural ghettoes
Slide 9
Potential Problems for Universities with Programs
Offered in Partnership or On-line
• How to maintain quality – risk to
reputation
• How to avoid loss of IP
• How to understand real costs
• How to maintain research-teaching
nexus
Slide 10
Rationale for International Campuses
•
Give a real international engagement and perspective that
partnerships/twinning can never do
•
Allows students from one country to pass seamlessly to another for
different phases of his/her education (e.g.Global BA)
•
Allows research on global issues to be conducted on global basis (e.g.
sustainability including water and energy, public health, global
movements, security, regulatory affairs)
•
Establishes visibility, reputation if done properly
•
Consistent with social justice objectives
•
NOT – making money
Slide 11
Monash South Africa
Slide 12
Slide 13
Dilemmas in relation to International Campuses and
Centres
•
•
•
•
How to maintain quality and keep costs in control
Time taken to get to research and research training focus
How to avoid neo-colonial or paternalistic approach
How to convince local regulatory authorities and
universities that the campus is about quality, partnership
and contribution and not about profiteering
So: High maintenance, not to be undertaken lightly, but real
benefits
Slide 14
Student exchanges – 1993 to 2001
3500
Inbound students
3000
2500
Outbound students
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Source: AVCC UMAP Survey, 2001
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Slide 15
Benefits of Study Abroad and Student Exchange
Programs
• Great experience for students –
educational and life
• All the benefits of learning in an
international environment
• Build new networks of friends and
professional colleagues
Slide 16
International Research Collaborations
• An essential component of modern
research
• Access to international funding sources
• Destination for postdoctoral students
• Recruiting source
Slide 17
What are the Requirements for Successful
International Research Collaborations
• How to make them significant and
sustainable – how to turn MOUs into real
action
• How to manage them all
• How to choose partners – your
university will be known by the company
it keeps
Slide 18
Monash University’s Approach to International
Research Collaborations
• Let them grow organically, driven by mutual
interests of researchers
• In addition, a limited number of defined
partnerships with quality partners
• A focussed process of developing joint
ventures – e.g. IMRA, joint research
laboratories with leading Chinese institutions
including with Peking University Stem Cell
Centre of Excellence, Sichuan University
Slide 19
Research Only International
Campus
•
•
•
The IITB-Monash Research Academy is
a joint venture between two of the
world’s leading research institutions.
The Academy will operate as an
autonomous, independent entity.
The Academy will undertake
multidisciplinary research in 6 (initial)
thematic areas:
Advanced computational engineering
Infrastructure engineering.
Clean energy.
Water.
Nanotechnology.
Biotechnology and stem cell research.
Slide 20
Virtual Organisations
• ICT enables distributed
knowledge communities
that collaborate and
communicate across
disciplines, distances and
cultures
• ‘Virtual organisations’ that
transcend geographic and
institutional boundaries
• Eliminates the tyranny of
distance
Slide 21
Data Re-use
• Public archiving of research data
allows for distributed and iterative
analysis by multiple research teams
e.g. Hubble telescope
– Each year: a total of 20,000
individual observations
– There are more research papers
written by “second use” of the
research data, than by the use
initially proposed
• Publishing data allows colleagues to
‘open the black box’ of research
projects
Slide 22
Computational Resources and Data Storage at
Monash
• World-leading groups in distributed computing and
data processing
e.g. NIMROD system uses computing resources
distributed through Pacific Rim to analyse huge
amounts of data.
– Allows first-of-its-kind analysis of climate data and models
• Largest pool of computational resources across
campus (including idle desktops)
Slide 23
International Focus of Curriculum
• We wish to prepare students for a life where
business, industries and the professions are
practised on a global basis
• Progressively, must bring in international
balance rather than narrow parochial viewpoint
• Has especial relevance to professional
education as more generalist education should
already have this focus
• But balance with the desire of the students to
have a local experience and education
Slide 24
G o 8 International Initiatives
• G o 8 DAAD (German Academic
Exchange Service) scheme
• G o 8 European Fellowships (ECRs from
Eastern Europe, 8 x $20,000)
• G o 8 with China 9 – MOU for DOGS to
work together
• G o 8 with CIC in USA
Slide 25
What is the Philosophy Underlying
International Focus for Universities
•
Must prepare graduates to work in a global economy, global
companies – international perspective essential
•
Many research questions benefit from international approach
•
A network of alumni in many countries a huge benefit to the
university and country
•
Understanding different cultures and religions intellectually and
emotionally rich and rewarding
•
It will lead to a more peaceful and secure world