Transcript pps
Slide 1
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 2
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 3
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 4
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 5
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 6
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 7
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 8
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 9
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 10
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 11
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 12
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 13
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 14
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 15
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 16
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 17
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 18
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 19
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 2
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 3
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 4
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 5
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 6
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 7
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 8
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 9
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 10
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 11
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 12
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 13
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 14
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 15
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 16
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 17
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 18
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html
Slide 19
History
Causes of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to
the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey)
and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,
Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro,
Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About 10 million
combatants killed, 20 million wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in
Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28).
Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28).
Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug.
3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4).
Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).
Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern
Front (Aug.).
First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25
miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is
“positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.).
Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April),
withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916).
Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May).
Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128
Americans (May 7).
On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive”
conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million
men (by Sept. 6).
“Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914
(Sept.–Oct.).
Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I. A
German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland. More than 1,000 passengers were killed,
including 128 Americans. The people of the United States were
shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany
for an apology, for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to
attack any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government announced an
unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship
taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being
attacked. This broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military vessel was
carrying war materials, had to stop and search it, rather
than do anything that would endanger the lives of the
occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left New
York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May, 1915. It was
750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons and was capable of
26 knots. On this journey the ship carried 1,257
passengers and 650 crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the
coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon
afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German UBoat, observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the
order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven
days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes
left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the
Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his
second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
After a second, larger explosion,
the Lusitania rolled over and
sank in eighteen minutes. A total
of 1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew). Those
killed included 128 US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves from
bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of barbed wire
around the trenches. The area between the trenches was
called "no man's land." Soldiers ate and slept in the
trenches. First one side, and then the other would try to
break through at some point along the line. It was very
difficult for either side to win a battle this way, and trench
warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the
First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of
WWI?
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Where was the Western Front established?
At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?
Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big deal?
What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?
What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four
Leaders gathered at
Versailles in
January 1919 to
write a formal treaty
for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States
at the time of war, represented the United States in
Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing
the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace
without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that
Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister
who represented the United Kingdom. During their
talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio
Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put
the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau
Georges
Clemenceau, the
French Premier,
wanted to make
Germany pay for the
entire cost of the war
since most of the
fighting took place
on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at
Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a
parade after the signing
of the Treaty at Versailles
marking the end of
World War I. Notice the
sign at the top of this
photograph that reads:
"Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronology
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchron
ology.htm
Picture History
http://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/p/15/
mcms.html
The History of American Wars
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/research/ki
mb/masterindex.html