Transcript ice
Slide 1
Cold Weather
Working in Cold Conditions
Slide 2
Cold Workplaces
Roofs in cold weather
Bridges near large
bodies of water
High buildings
exposed to wind
Refrigerated rooms
or containers
Commercial fishing areas
Steel structures that retain cold
Unheated warehouses in cold climates
Slide 3
Goals
Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
Quiz
Slide 4
Body reacts to cold by:
Trying to maintain core
temperature of 98.6ºF
Decreasing blood flow
to extremities to prevent
heat loss which
– Keeps internal organs warm
– Increases chance of frostbite
Shivering generates heat
Slide 5
Hypothermia
Progressive loss of body heat
Accelerated when person is wet
Most cases occur in air temperatures
between 30ºF and 50ºF
Can occur in air temperatures as high as 65ºF
Occurs in water at 72ºF
Slide 6
Mild Hypothermia
Shivering and
chattering teeth
Blue lips and fingers
Poor coordination
Slide 7
Moderate Hypothermia
Mental impairment and confusion
Disorientation and poor decision making
Inability to take precautions from the cold
Slower heart rate and breathing rate
Slurred speech
Slide 8
Severe Hypothermia
Resembles death
Unconsciousness
Irregular or hard-to-find pulse
No shivering
No detectable breathing
Slide 9
First Aid for Hypothermia
Move victim to shelter
Remove wet clothing
and wrap victim in
warm covers
Apply direct body heat
Re-warm neck, chest,
abdomen, and groin first
Give warm, sweet drinks if conscious
Monitor breathing, administer CPR
Get medical help
Slide 10
Frostbite
Exposure to severe cold or contact
with cold objects
Affects fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, and ears
Tissue freezes at 30ºF
May cause gangrene
More susceptible to future frostbite
Tissue death—amputation or loss of function
Slide 11
Frostbite Symptoms
Sensations of coldness
Tingling, stinging,
or aching sensation
Skin feels numb and
cold to the touch
Skin is waxy and
appears white
Blistering, turning red, then black
Slide 12
First Aid for Frostbite
Warm gradually with body heat
Do not rub—may result in more tissue damage
Use water between 102°F-110°F
Apply sterile dressing to blisters
Do not thaw if risk of re-freezing
Get medical attention; thaw at hospital
Slide 13
Goals
Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
Quiz
Slide 14
Environmental Cold
Stress Factors
Low temperature
Cool, high winds
Dampness
Cold water
Slide 15
Wind Chill Temperatures
Combined effect of air temperature and
air movement
W ind (m ph )
T em p e at
r u r e( ūF)
C a lm
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
34
30
28
27
21
17
15
13
9
4
1
-1
-4
-9
-12
-15
-16
-22
-26
-29
-28
-35
-39
-43
-41
-48
-53
-57
-53
-61
-67
-71
-66
-74
-78
-82
10
20
30
40
m
m
m
m
p
p
p
p
h
h
h
h
Slide 16
Other Risk Factors
Inadequate or wet clothing
Drug use or certain
medications
A cold or certain diseases
Male gender
Age
Heart condition
Physical condition
Slide 17
Environmental Protection
Heated shelters
Windscreens
On-site sources of heat
Thermally insulated
tools and work surfaces
Slide 18
Administrative Controls
Work and Warm-up Schedule for 4-hour Shift
W ind C hill T em p .
M a x . W o rP keri od
N um b er of B re a k s
-20 F a n dW arm e r
-30 F
-40 F
-45 F
-50 F
C old er
2 h o u sr
75 m inu tes
55 m inu tes
40 m inu tes
30 m inu tes
C e a s e N omnerg
e enc
1
2
3
4
5
W
y ork
Slide 19
Protective Clothing
Several layers of clothing
Synthetic fibers next to
skin to whisk away sweat
Water-repellent, windresistant outer clothing
Hats, hoods, or face covers
Insulated, waterproof footgear
Insulated, waterproof gloves
Change of clothing available
Slide 20
Hand Protection
Wear gloves when fine manual dexterity
is not required
Use tools and machine controls designed
for gloved hand operation
Limit bare hand work to 10-20 minutes
when < 60ºF
Use warm air jets, radiant heaters, contact
warm plates
Use metal handles covered by thermal
insulating material
Prevent contact frostbite when near metal
surfaces < 20ºF
Slide 21
Other Protective Controls
Be medically fit
Eat high calorie foods
Consume warm, sweet drinks and soups
Avoid coffee
Stay in good physical condition
Slide 22
Safe Work Practices
Avoid heavy perspiration
Work in the warmest
hours of the day
Minimize prolonged
sitting, standing
Allow time to
adjust to cold
Do not work alone
Watch for symptoms of cold-related illness
Slide 23
Goals
Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
Quiz
Slide 24
Summary
Symptoms of hypothermia and frostbite
First aid treatment
Wind chill factor
Engineering and administrative controls
Protective clothing and staying dry
Slide 25
Quiz
1. The body responds to cold by shivering and
_____________________________________
2. Hypothermia can occur in air temperatures
as high as 65ºF.
True or False
3. Describe at least three symptoms of hypothermia.
4. Describe at least one form of environmental
protection for workers in the field.
5. Other risk factors of cold-related illness include:
certain medication, certain diseases, age, and
physical condition.
True or False
Slide 26
Quiz (cont.)
6. Drinking coffee will help workers stay warm.
True or False
7. Describe at least three symptoms of frostbite.
8. Warm up frostbitten areas by rubbing gently.
True or False
9. Environmental cold stress factors include:
temperature, wind, and __________________
10.Administrative controls, such as __________, can
be used to protect workers from overexposure to
cold conditions
Slide 27
Quiz Answers
1. Decreasing blood flow to the extremities
2. True, when other contributing factors
are present
3. Confusion, disorientation, slow heart rate and
breathing, shivering, blue lips, poor coordination,
slurred speech
4. Heated shelters, windscreens, heat sources, thermal
insulated tools
5. True
Slide 28
Quiz Answers (cont.)
6. False, coffee increases blood flow to the extremities
7. Cold sensation, tingling, aching, numbness,
white skin, waxy skin
8. False, rubbing will contribute to the skin damage
9. Dampness
10. Limiting work time or taking additional breaks
Cold Weather
Working in Cold Conditions
Slide 2
Cold Workplaces
Roofs in cold weather
Bridges near large
bodies of water
High buildings
exposed to wind
Refrigerated rooms
or containers
Commercial fishing areas
Steel structures that retain cold
Unheated warehouses in cold climates
Slide 3
Goals
Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
Quiz
Slide 4
Body reacts to cold by:
Trying to maintain core
temperature of 98.6ºF
Decreasing blood flow
to extremities to prevent
heat loss which
– Keeps internal organs warm
– Increases chance of frostbite
Shivering generates heat
Slide 5
Hypothermia
Progressive loss of body heat
Accelerated when person is wet
Most cases occur in air temperatures
between 30ºF and 50ºF
Can occur in air temperatures as high as 65ºF
Occurs in water at 72ºF
Slide 6
Mild Hypothermia
Shivering and
chattering teeth
Blue lips and fingers
Poor coordination
Slide 7
Moderate Hypothermia
Mental impairment and confusion
Disorientation and poor decision making
Inability to take precautions from the cold
Slower heart rate and breathing rate
Slurred speech
Slide 8
Severe Hypothermia
Resembles death
Unconsciousness
Irregular or hard-to-find pulse
No shivering
No detectable breathing
Slide 9
First Aid for Hypothermia
Move victim to shelter
Remove wet clothing
and wrap victim in
warm covers
Apply direct body heat
Re-warm neck, chest,
abdomen, and groin first
Give warm, sweet drinks if conscious
Monitor breathing, administer CPR
Get medical help
Slide 10
Frostbite
Exposure to severe cold or contact
with cold objects
Affects fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, and ears
Tissue freezes at 30ºF
May cause gangrene
More susceptible to future frostbite
Tissue death—amputation or loss of function
Slide 11
Frostbite Symptoms
Sensations of coldness
Tingling, stinging,
or aching sensation
Skin feels numb and
cold to the touch
Skin is waxy and
appears white
Blistering, turning red, then black
Slide 12
First Aid for Frostbite
Warm gradually with body heat
Do not rub—may result in more tissue damage
Use water between 102°F-110°F
Apply sterile dressing to blisters
Do not thaw if risk of re-freezing
Get medical attention; thaw at hospital
Slide 13
Goals
Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
Quiz
Slide 14
Environmental Cold
Stress Factors
Low temperature
Cool, high winds
Dampness
Cold water
Slide 15
Wind Chill Temperatures
Combined effect of air temperature and
air movement
W ind (m ph )
T em p e at
r u r e( ūF)
C a lm
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
34
30
28
27
21
17
15
13
9
4
1
-1
-4
-9
-12
-15
-16
-22
-26
-29
-28
-35
-39
-43
-41
-48
-53
-57
-53
-61
-67
-71
-66
-74
-78
-82
10
20
30
40
m
m
m
m
p
p
p
p
h
h
h
h
Slide 16
Other Risk Factors
Inadequate or wet clothing
Drug use or certain
medications
A cold or certain diseases
Male gender
Age
Heart condition
Physical condition
Slide 17
Environmental Protection
Heated shelters
Windscreens
On-site sources of heat
Thermally insulated
tools and work surfaces
Slide 18
Administrative Controls
Work and Warm-up Schedule for 4-hour Shift
W ind C hill T em p .
M a x . W o rP keri od
N um b er of B re a k s
-20 F a n dW arm e r
-30 F
-40 F
-45 F
-50 F
C old er
2 h o u sr
75 m inu tes
55 m inu tes
40 m inu tes
30 m inu tes
C e a s e N omnerg
e enc
1
2
3
4
5
W
y ork
Slide 19
Protective Clothing
Several layers of clothing
Synthetic fibers next to
skin to whisk away sweat
Water-repellent, windresistant outer clothing
Hats, hoods, or face covers
Insulated, waterproof footgear
Insulated, waterproof gloves
Change of clothing available
Slide 20
Hand Protection
Wear gloves when fine manual dexterity
is not required
Use tools and machine controls designed
for gloved hand operation
Limit bare hand work to 10-20 minutes
when < 60ºF
Use warm air jets, radiant heaters, contact
warm plates
Use metal handles covered by thermal
insulating material
Prevent contact frostbite when near metal
surfaces < 20ºF
Slide 21
Other Protective Controls
Be medically fit
Eat high calorie foods
Consume warm, sweet drinks and soups
Avoid coffee
Stay in good physical condition
Slide 22
Safe Work Practices
Avoid heavy perspiration
Work in the warmest
hours of the day
Minimize prolonged
sitting, standing
Allow time to
adjust to cold
Do not work alone
Watch for symptoms of cold-related illness
Slide 23
Goals
Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
Quiz
Slide 24
Summary
Symptoms of hypothermia and frostbite
First aid treatment
Wind chill factor
Engineering and administrative controls
Protective clothing and staying dry
Slide 25
Quiz
1. The body responds to cold by shivering and
_____________________________________
2. Hypothermia can occur in air temperatures
as high as 65ºF.
True or False
3. Describe at least three symptoms of hypothermia.
4. Describe at least one form of environmental
protection for workers in the field.
5. Other risk factors of cold-related illness include:
certain medication, certain diseases, age, and
physical condition.
True or False
Slide 26
Quiz (cont.)
6. Drinking coffee will help workers stay warm.
True or False
7. Describe at least three symptoms of frostbite.
8. Warm up frostbitten areas by rubbing gently.
True or False
9. Environmental cold stress factors include:
temperature, wind, and __________________
10.Administrative controls, such as __________, can
be used to protect workers from overexposure to
cold conditions
Slide 27
Quiz Answers
1. Decreasing blood flow to the extremities
2. True, when other contributing factors
are present
3. Confusion, disorientation, slow heart rate and
breathing, shivering, blue lips, poor coordination,
slurred speech
4. Heated shelters, windscreens, heat sources, thermal
insulated tools
5. True
Slide 28
Quiz Answers (cont.)
6. False, coffee increases blood flow to the extremities
7. Cold sensation, tingling, aching, numbness,
white skin, waxy skin
8. False, rubbing will contribute to the skin damage
9. Dampness
10. Limiting work time or taking additional breaks