Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 21st October 2010 On-ground tests and measurements of the Passive Advanced Unit Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA) Isaac Ramos.
Download ReportTranscript Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 21st October 2010 On-ground tests and measurements of the Passive Advanced Unit Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA) Isaac Ramos.
Slide 1
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D.
Research in Communications,
Electronics and Signal
Processing
21st October 2010
On-ground tests and measurements
of the Passive Advanced Unit
Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA)
Isaac Ramos Pérez, Thesis Advisor: Adriano José Camps
Carmona
Slide 2
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction and objectives
PAU-SA’s concept
Work Plan
Potential improvements for future SMOS’s
PAU-SA’s processor
PAU-SA’s assembled process
Preliminary results
Conclusions
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 2v
Slide 3
Introduction and objectives
The SMOS mission:
o Retrieve global and frequent data of Soil Moisture and
Ocean Salinity
o New kind of spaceborne Y-shaped aperture synthesis
radiometer:
MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer
by Aperture Synthesis)
o ESA Earth Explorer, Scheduled for 2010
Objective:
o Test potential improvements for future MIRAS payloads
New instrument:
o Passive Advanced Unit - Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA)
o Award EURYI 2004 by A. Camps / Patented
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 3v
Slide 4
PAU-SA concept
PAU-RAD
PAU-GNSS-R
PAU-IR
Th,v ( , sea surface roughness , S S T , S S S )
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 4v
Slide 5
Work Plan
Study
Potential
Improvements
(Software)
Simulator
(Mechanic)
Mobile Unit
(Truck)
(Electronic)
Device & test
Assemble
Full system’s
test
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 5v
Slide 6
Potential improvements for future SMOS’s
Parameter
MIRAS/SMOS
Frequency operation
L-band (1400 - 1427 MHz)
Bandwidth
Arm size
Altitude
19 MHz
4m
Global observation, LEO, orbital altitude
Antenna type
Patch antenna with V & H polarizations
(not simultaneous)
Number of antennas per arm
23
8+1 (dummy)
Number total antennas
69
0.875
at 1400 MHz,
(21 cm)
single polarization
(1 per element)
31
0.816 at
1575.42 MHz,
(15.5 cm)
dual polarization
(2 per element)
Antenna spacing
Receiver type
Topology of the LO downconverter
Distributed LO
(groups of 6 elements)
Quantization
1 bit IF sampling depending upon the noise
uptake level
(Inside the LICEF )
I/Q conversion
Analog
Frequency response shaped
by
Analog RF filter
Power measurement system
(PMS)
Calibration by Noise
Injection
Image capabilities
Analog, using classical methods (diode)
Injection of Distributed noise
Dual-pol or full-pol (sequential)
PAU-SA
Comments
L-band (1575.42 MHz)
L1 of GPS signal
2.2 MHz
1.3 m
ground-based
Patch antenna with V &
H polarization
(simultaneous)
Same frequency both Radiometry and
GPS Reflectrometry
Spatial correlation effects are
negligible
Full-pol
(non-sequential)
Improve G matrix condition
number
Increase the alias-free field of view
Full-pol
(non-sequential)
Centralized reference clock + internal
Reduce LO leakage and correlated
LO generated in each receiver
offset
Used both
8 bits IF sub-sampling using a external
digital I/Q demodulation (8 bits)
ADC
digital Power measurement (8 bits)
Mass reduction.
Digital
Elimination phase error
Mass reduction, quasi perfect
Digital low- pass filter
matching, no temperature and aging
drifts
Mass reduction,
Digital (FPGA)
No temperature drifts
Simple calibration.
Injection of Centralized noise PRN
Calibration of non-separable errors
Full-pol
Necessary to GNSS-R applications
(non-sequential)
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 6v
Slide 7
PAU-SA processor
Source panel
Simulation
Characterization
Processing window
Antenna panel
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 7v
Slide 8
PAU-SA’s assembled process
1.3 m
Structure AutoCAD design and implementation
Mobile Unit AutoCAD design and implementation
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 8v
Slide 9
PAU-SA’s assembled process
• PAU-SA in Assemble process
• Calibration and validation test
Master clock
and buffers for
clock distribution
ADCs + FPGA
(correlations and
power estimation)
PAU-SA instrument during integration process
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 9v
Slide 10
PAU-SA’s assembled process
2008
2010
2009
2010
2010
2010
1st Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Electronic Engineering 10
Slide 11
Preliminary results
Real data: Single baseline response
Measurements at UPC anechoic chamber
Normalized correlation (I and Q)
vs. number of samples
Minimum Allan’s variance for normalized
correlations (real and imaginary parts)
for 200 s
Power variance versus number
of samples
Minimum Allan’s variance for power at
15 s → visibilities desnormalization
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 11v
Slide 12
Preliminary results
PRN Signal
Az +/- 10º,
FFT
3s
Rectangular filter
+/- 20º
El +/- 10º,
+/- 20º
Pol H Az= 0º El= 0º
Point Source : PRN or tone
Moving the Instrument
(without control temperature)
Pol H Az= +10º El= 0º
Pol V Az= 0º El= +10º
Pol H Az= +20º El= 0º
Pol V Az= 0º El= +20º
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 12v
Slide 13
Conclusions
Long Project with different tasks:
–
–
–
–
–
RF/FI Hardware designer - Digital Hardware: FPGA /PICs
Analog Hardware
- Software programmer
(Simulator)
System Assembled and tested
Director 5 PFCs (Coordination)
TEAM work, collaboration with:
–
–
–
–
–
GUTMAR (Mobile Unit) Project
Funcadió Eduard Soler (Mobile Unit) Mechanic
Student designers
PAU TEAM (brainstorm meetings )
Several UPC personal
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 13v
Slide 14
Thank you for your attention
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 14v
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D.
Research in Communications,
Electronics and Signal
Processing
21st October 2010
On-ground tests and measurements
of the Passive Advanced Unit
Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA)
Isaac Ramos Pérez, Thesis Advisor: Adriano José Camps
Carmona
Slide 2
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction and objectives
PAU-SA’s concept
Work Plan
Potential improvements for future SMOS’s
PAU-SA’s processor
PAU-SA’s assembled process
Preliminary results
Conclusions
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 2v
Slide 3
Introduction and objectives
The SMOS mission:
o Retrieve global and frequent data of Soil Moisture and
Ocean Salinity
o New kind of spaceborne Y-shaped aperture synthesis
radiometer:
MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer
by Aperture Synthesis)
o ESA Earth Explorer, Scheduled for 2010
Objective:
o Test potential improvements for future MIRAS payloads
New instrument:
o Passive Advanced Unit - Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA)
o Award EURYI 2004 by A. Camps / Patented
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 3v
Slide 4
PAU-SA concept
PAU-RAD
PAU-GNSS-R
PAU-IR
Th,v ( , sea surface roughness , S S T , S S S )
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 4v
Slide 5
Work Plan
Study
Potential
Improvements
(Software)
Simulator
(Mechanic)
Mobile Unit
(Truck)
(Electronic)
Device & test
Assemble
Full system’s
test
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 5v
Slide 6
Potential improvements for future SMOS’s
Parameter
MIRAS/SMOS
Frequency operation
L-band (1400 - 1427 MHz)
Bandwidth
Arm size
Altitude
19 MHz
4m
Global observation, LEO, orbital altitude
Antenna type
Patch antenna with V & H polarizations
(not simultaneous)
Number of antennas per arm
23
8+1 (dummy)
Number total antennas
69
0.875
at 1400 MHz,
(21 cm)
single polarization
(1 per element)
31
0.816 at
1575.42 MHz,
(15.5 cm)
dual polarization
(2 per element)
Antenna spacing
Receiver type
Topology of the LO downconverter
Distributed LO
(groups of 6 elements)
Quantization
1 bit IF sampling depending upon the noise
uptake level
(Inside the LICEF )
I/Q conversion
Analog
Frequency response shaped
by
Analog RF filter
Power measurement system
(PMS)
Calibration by Noise
Injection
Image capabilities
Analog, using classical methods (diode)
Injection of Distributed noise
Dual-pol or full-pol (sequential)
PAU-SA
Comments
L-band (1575.42 MHz)
L1 of GPS signal
2.2 MHz
1.3 m
ground-based
Patch antenna with V &
H polarization
(simultaneous)
Same frequency both Radiometry and
GPS Reflectrometry
Spatial correlation effects are
negligible
Full-pol
(non-sequential)
Improve G matrix condition
number
Increase the alias-free field of view
Full-pol
(non-sequential)
Centralized reference clock + internal
Reduce LO leakage and correlated
LO generated in each receiver
offset
Used both
8 bits IF sub-sampling using a external
digital I/Q demodulation (8 bits)
ADC
digital Power measurement (8 bits)
Mass reduction.
Digital
Elimination phase error
Mass reduction, quasi perfect
Digital low- pass filter
matching, no temperature and aging
drifts
Mass reduction,
Digital (FPGA)
No temperature drifts
Simple calibration.
Injection of Centralized noise PRN
Calibration of non-separable errors
Full-pol
Necessary to GNSS-R applications
(non-sequential)
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 6v
Slide 7
PAU-SA processor
Source panel
Simulation
Characterization
Processing window
Antenna panel
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 7v
Slide 8
PAU-SA’s assembled process
1.3 m
Structure AutoCAD design and implementation
Mobile Unit AutoCAD design and implementation
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 8v
Slide 9
PAU-SA’s assembled process
• PAU-SA in Assemble process
• Calibration and validation test
Master clock
and buffers for
clock distribution
ADCs + FPGA
(correlations and
power estimation)
PAU-SA instrument during integration process
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 9v
Slide 10
PAU-SA’s assembled process
2008
2010
2009
2010
2010
2010
1st Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Electronic Engineering 10
Slide 11
Preliminary results
Real data: Single baseline response
Measurements at UPC anechoic chamber
Normalized correlation (I and Q)
vs. number of samples
Minimum Allan’s variance for normalized
correlations (real and imaginary parts)
for 200 s
Power variance versus number
of samples
Minimum Allan’s variance for power at
15 s → visibilities desnormalization
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 11v
Slide 12
Preliminary results
PRN Signal
Az +/- 10º,
FFT
3s
Rectangular filter
+/- 20º
El +/- 10º,
+/- 20º
Pol H Az= 0º El= 0º
Point Source : PRN or tone
Moving the Instrument
(without control temperature)
Pol H Az= +10º El= 0º
Pol V Az= 0º El= +10º
Pol H Az= +20º El= 0º
Pol V Az= 0º El= +20º
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 12v
Slide 13
Conclusions
Long Project with different tasks:
–
–
–
–
–
RF/FI Hardware designer - Digital Hardware: FPGA /PICs
Analog Hardware
- Software programmer
(Simulator)
System Assembled and tested
Director 5 PFCs (Coordination)
TEAM work, collaboration with:
–
–
–
–
–
GUTMAR (Mobile Unit) Project
Funcadió Eduard Soler (Mobile Unit) Mechanic
Student designers
PAU TEAM (brainstorm meetings )
Several UPC personal
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 13v
Slide 14
Thank you for your attention
Barcelona Forum on Ph.D. Research in Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing 14v