Slide 1

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 2

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 3

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 4

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 5

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 6

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 7

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 8

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 9

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 10

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 11

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 12

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 13

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 14

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 15

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 16

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 17

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 18

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 19

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 20

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 21

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 22

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 23

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 24

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo


Slide 25

Conjugating
stem
changing
verbs

stem changing verbs


Remember that …
– a verb has two parts.
 The stem (or root) and the ending.
Verb

Habl
Hablar
ar
Comer
Com er
Viv
ir
Vivir

Stem

Ending

+
+
+

-

stem changing verbs
 Let’s

review -ir verbs that change from
e>i & o>ue in the present tense
 and -ir verbs that change from e>i and
o>u in the preterite tense
Present tense
endings for -ir

Preterite regular
ending for -er & -ir

-o

-imos

-í

-imos

-es

-ís

-iste

-isteis

-e

-en

-ió

-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing
verb in the present tense

Pedir
yo

pido

tú

(e>i)

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

pedimos
Vosotros

pides
pide

ped ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

piden

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

sirvo

servimos
Vosotros

tú

servís

sirves
él
ella sirve
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirven

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another
stem changing

Seguir

(e>i)

To follow or to continue

yo

Nosotros

sigo

seguimos
Vosotros

tú

seguís

sigues
él
ella sigue
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

siguen

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir (o>ue)
yo

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Nosotros

duermo
tú

dormimos
Vosotros

duerm es
él
ella duerm e
Uds.

dorm ís
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

duerm en

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Conjugating verbs in
the PRETERITE tense


In the preterite tense only -ir verbs stemchange. They change from e>i or from o>u



However, these stem-changes occur only in
the 3rd person singular (él, ella, usted) and
3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes).



That’s why they are called “shoe verbs”
(“sandal verbs” or “basement verbs”)

Conjugating –ir verbs in
the PRETERITE tense

-í
-imos
-iste -isteis
-ió
-ieron

Let’s conjugate a stem changing verb

Pedir
yo

él
ella
Uds.

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

ped í
tú

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

ped iste
pid ió

pedimos
Vosotros

ped isteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

pidieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Servir
yo

(e>i)

Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

serví
tú

servimos
Vosotros

serviste
él
ella
Uds.

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

sirvió

servisteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

sirvieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Repetir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

repetí
tú

repetimos
Vosotros

repetiste
él
ella repit ió
Uds.

repetisteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

repitieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Preferir
yo

prefer í
tú

prefer iste
él
ella prefir ió
Uds.

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

preferimos
Vosotros

preferisteis
Ellos
ellas prefirieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Seguir
yo

(e>i)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Nosotros

seguí
tú

seguimos
Vosotros

seguiste
él
ella sigu ió
Uds.

seguisteis
Ellos
ellas siguieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate a reflexive
stem changing verb in the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another reflexive
stem changing verbin the preterite

Move the pronoun to
the front of the
conjugation.
Change the pronoun
where necessary.

yo

Nosotros

Remove the
verb ending.
Change the
stem.

tú

Vosotros

él
ella
Uds.

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

Add new
endings.

Let’s conjugate another verb

Dormir
yo

Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

dormí
tú

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.

dormiste

él
ella
Uds.

durmió

dormimos
Vosotros

dormisteis

Ellos
ellasdurmieron
Uds.

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s conjugate another verb

Morir
yo

(o>u)

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoeverbs

Nosotros

morí
tú

morimos
Vosotros

moriste
él
ella
Uds.

murió

mor isteis
Ellos
ellas
Uds.

murieron

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRESENT

(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

frío
fríes
fríe

(e>í)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freís

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

frí en

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called boot verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

The verb FREÍR in the PRETERITE
(this one has orthographic and irregular changes)

Freír
yo

tú

él
ella
Uds.

freí
freíste
frió

(e>_)
Nosotros

fre ímos
Vosotros

freísteis

Ellos
ellas
Uds.

fr ieron

Find out what group
the verb falls in.
Remember that they
are called shoe verbs

Change the
stem
Add
endings

Let’s review
funky preterite
rule #26
multi-vowel verbage

funky preterite rule #26
multi-vowel verbage
Certain verbs who insist on having a lot
of vowels in them, have to be treated
differently and here’s why.

Try forming the preterite of leer.
When we have this massive
pile-up of vowels in the
middle, we simply change
the i to a y.
caerse = se cayó, se cayeron
creer = creyó, creyeron
influir = influyó, influyeron
contribiur = contribuyó, contribuyeron

leer
leí

leimos

leiste

leisteis

leió
leyó

leieron
leyeron

¿¿leió??
¿¿leieron??

The same thing happens to
these verbs in the progressive.

leyendo
cayendose
creyendo
influyendo
contribuyendo