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Bone Marrow Derived Cells
MSCs
BMSCs
(HSCs & MSCs)
BM-MNCs
VEGF
TB4
PDGF
IL-1
SDF-1 IL-6
MMP-9
Sfrp PA
PIGF
MCP-1
FGF-7 TGF-β
Tenacin-C
Thrombospondin-1
bFGF
bFGF
VEGF
SDF-1
Akt
bFGF VEGF
IL-1β
Ang-1
TNF-α
Multipotent BM-derived cells
(Non-HSCs & Non-MSCs)
Ang-1
eNOS
IGF
bFGF
Ang-1
VEGF
Ang-2
PDGF-B IGF-1
SDF-1α HGF
MAPCs
VEGF TGF-β
PDGF-BB
MCP-1
Factors Upregulated in Endogenous Cardiac Cells
VEGF-A
FGF-2
Ang-1
Ang-2
PIGF
HGF
IGF-1
PDGF-B
SDF-1
GM-CSF
G-CSF
VEGF
HGF
IL-1β
MCP-1
TNF-α
IL-6
Bax
Bcl-2
FGF-2
Elastin
Type I collagen
Myocardin Type 3 collagen
DNA-damage
inducible
transcript 3
SDF-1
VEGF
HGF
IGF-1
Ang-1
Phosphocreatine
ATP
Creatine kinases
Mito ATPase-β
HGF
MMP-3
IGF-1
HGF
MMP-9
VEGF-B
SDF-1
PB-MNCs
VEGF-A
EPCs
Circulating Progenitor Cells
TGF-β
(c-kit+,MDR-1+,Sca-1+)
CSCs
Adipose-derived MSCs
Tissue Resident
Stem Cells
Key: BM-MNCs=bone marrow mononuclear cells; BMSCs=bone marrow stem cells; HSCs=hematopoietic stem cells;
MSCs=mesenchymal stem cells; MAPCs= multipotential adult progenitor cells; PB-MNCs=peripheral blood mononuclear cells;
EPCs=endothelial progenitor cells; CSCs=cardiac stem cells; VEGF=vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF=fibroblast growth factor;
Ang=angiopoietin; PIGF=placental growth factor; HGF=hepatocyte growth factor; IGF=insulin growth factor; PDGF=platelet-derived
growth factor; SDF=stromal cell-derived factor; IL=interleukin; MCP-1=monocyte chemoattractant protein-1;TNF=tumor necrosis factor;
TGF=transforming growth factor; AM=adrenomedullin; PA=plasminogen activator; Sfrp=secreted frizzled related protein; TB4=thymosin
beta 4; MMP=matrix metalloproteinase;TIMP=tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases