Information and communication technology Abhishek S Arackal Generations First generation • • • • 1940 – 56s Vacuum tubes Relied on machine language Input on punch cards and paper tapes.
Download ReportTranscript Information and communication technology Abhishek S Arackal Generations First generation • • • • 1940 – 56s Vacuum tubes Relied on machine language Input on punch cards and paper tapes.
Slide 1
Information and communication
technology
Abhishek S Arackal
Slide 2
Generations
Slide 3
First generation
•
•
•
•
1940 – 56s
Vacuum tubes
Relied on machine language
Input on punch cards and paper tapes and
output on print out
• Eg:- UNIVAC and ENIAC
• expensive
Slide 4
Second generation
•
•
•
•
•
1956 - 63
Transistor
Smaller and cheaper
Moved from binary to assembly language
Eg:- IBM 7094, IBM 1400 series
Slide 5
Third generation
•
•
•
•
1964 - 71
Integrated circuits
Used keyboards and monitors
Eg:- IBM 370, UNIVAC 1108
Slide 6
Fourth generation
•
•
•
•
•
1971 - 2010
Microprocessor
No air conditioning is required
All types of high level languages can be used
Eg:- Apple Macintosh and IBM PC
Slide 7
Fifth generation
•
•
•
•
2010 –
Artificial intelligence
Understand natural human language
Can respond
Slide 8
Inventions
• Vacuum tubes –
John A Fleming
• Transistor –
William Shockly, John Bardeen,Walter H Brattain
• ICs –
Jack kilby, Robert Noyce
• Microprocessor –
Marcian E Ted Hoff, Stanley Mazor
Slide 9
Types of computer
Based on Principles
1. Analog
2. Digital
3. Hybrid
Slide 10
Analog
• Works on a continuous range of value
• Deals with physical values like voltage,
pressure, temperature etc
• Father – Lord Kelvin (William Thomson)
Slide 11
Digital
• Uses Binary Number system
• Only two digits 0 and 1
• Each 1 is called a bit
Slide 12
Hybrid
• Combination of both
• Best used in hospital
• Eg:- measuring heart beat
Slide 13
Based on configuration
1. Super
2. Main frame
3. Mini
4. Micro
Slide 14
Super
• Expensive and fast
• Weather forecasting, nuclear science,
aerodynamic modeling, seismology etc
• Companies which produced Super computers
are Cray, IBM and Hewlett Packard.
• Indian – EKA, PARAM, SAGA 220 Aaditya
• First company introduced – Control Data Corp
• Saga 220 - ISRO
• Deep Blue defeat Garry Kasparove at chess
Slide 15
•
•
•
•
First super – Cary 1– 1960
First Indian – PARAM 8000
Fastest - Tianhe II
Fastest Indian – PARAM YUVA II
• Father of super computer – Seymour Cray
• Father of Indian Super – Vijay Bhatkar
Slide 16
Main frame
• Process data at a very high speed
• 100s of millions instructions per second
• Banking, Airlines, Railways etc
Slide 17
Mini
• Lower to mainframe
• Less expensive
Slide 18
Micro
• It is single chip CPU
• Types are
desktop
laptop
handheld devices
Slide 19
• First Micro – Apple II
• First Mini – PDP 8
• First Super – Cray 1
Slide 20
Computer Organisation
• CPU
• MEMORY
• INPUT AND OUTPUT UNITS
Slide 21
CPU
• Interprets and carries out instructions
• Brain of computer
• 3 components
ALU + Control Unit + REGISTER
1. ALU – Mathematical and Logical operations
2. CU – fetch programs and control flow of
data
3. REGISTER – high speed storage areas in CPU
Slide 22
Memory Unit
• Store instructions and data
• Internal and External memory
• Internal – RAM, ROM
• External – secondary , teritiary
Slide 23
RAM
• Random Access Memory
• Short term memory
• Volatile – only as long as computer has
power
• Static RAM and Dynamic RAM
Slide 24
ROM
•
•
•
•
•
Read Only Memory
Called as Firmware
Non-Volatile
CACHE – memory used for fast processing
PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
Slide 25
Memory Measurement
•
•
•
•
•
•
8 bit – 1 byte
1024 byte – 1 kilobytes
1024 kilobyte – 1 megabytes
1024 megabytes – 1 gigabyte
1024 gigabyte – 1 terabyte
1024 terabyte – 1 petabyte
Slide 26
External
• Permanent storage of large data
• Secondary : needs to be used again and again
• example: harddisks, usb, flash drives, cds
dvds, memory cards, etc
• Teritiary : store information that is needed
occasionally for review purpose or for
restoring information after a system failure.
• Example : magnetic tapes, network server,
optical disk
Slide 27
Input Output devices
• Input – supply information
•
•
•
•
Keyboard
Mouse – pointing device only
Joystick – pointing device, in CAD and games
Light pen – pointing device,
to draw picture on monitor
Slide 28
•
•
•
•
Track ball – used in laptop instead of mouse
Scanner – paper to harddisk
Digitizer – analog information into digital form
Magnetic Ink Character Reader MICR –
Used in banks, bank code and
cheques with magnetic material inks
• Optical Character Reader OCR –
to read a printed text, scans text
optically character by character and converts
into a machine readable code
Slide 29
• Bar Code Reader – reading bar coded data
converts into alpha numeric values
• Optical Mark Reader –
recognize the type of mark by pen/pencil
checking answer sheets
Slide 30
Output Devices
• Monitors and printers commonly
• Speakers and headphones
Slide 31
GPRS
• General Packet Radio Service is a wireless
communication
• For sending emails, web browsing
Slide 32
Bluetooth
•
•
•
•
Short range wireless
Temporarily link between devices
Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994
Managed by Bluetooth special interest group
( SIG)
Slide 33
languages
Slide 34
languages
Low level
machine
0s and 1s
High level
assembly
Machine independent
mnemonics
Fortran,
java, c++
Slide 35
Language and developers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Basic – Thomas Kurtz
PASCAL – Nikalaus Wirth
C – Dennis Ritche
C++ - Bjarne Stroustrup
JAVA – James Gosling
COBOL – Grace Murray Hopper
FORTRAN – John Backus
Slide 36
software
Slide 37
software
System
application
OS
Android,
windows,
Linux
Utility
Copy, paste,
searching
Microsoft office,
web browser
Slide 38
Translator software
Slide 39
translator
compiler
Scans entire programs
first, then translate to
machine
interpreter
Translating high level
to machine
assembler
Assembly into
machine
Slide 40
UPS
• Uninterrupted power supply
• Power back up using a charging battery
Slide 41
windows
• It’s a GUI
• Owned by microsoft
• Its easier than DOS
Slide 42
UNIX
•
•
•
•
•
Used in servers, workstations, mobile devices
Developed by AT & T Bells lab
By Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie
C language also by AT&T
UNIX – one of the first OS in high level
language, namely C.
Slide 43
LINUX
•
•
•
•
•
Open source, free software
Linux Torvalds
Mascot – Tux the Penguin
Released in 5th oct 1991
Latest version – Linux Kernal 3.19, feb 2015
Slide 44
DOS
• First widely installed OS
• IBM and Microsoft version
• Non-graphical command oriented
Slide 45
WiFi and LiFi
• Wireless Fidelity
• Light Fidelity – LED used here
Slide 46
Microprocessor
• First – INTEL 4004
• First in PCs – INTEL 8080
• Largest manufacturer – INTEL
Slide 47
Storage Capacity
• CD – 700 MB
• DVD – 4.7 GB
• Floppy Disk – 1.44 MB
Slide 48
Number System
Slide 49
binary
Hexa
Decimal
Number
System
octal
decimal
Slide 50
Networking
Slide 51
Network
LAN
local
MAN
WAN
metropolitan
wide
Cable TV
network
National,
International
PAN
personal
Slide 52
• Router – connector
• ARPANET –
first operational packet switching network
by Massachusetts Institute of technology
WLAN – Wireless LAN
Slide 53
Protocol
Slide 54
protocol
TCP/IP
communication
FTP
Transfer
computer files
SMTP
Email transfer
HTTP
Data over WWW
Telnet
Connect remote
computer
Slide 55
• TCP/IP –
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
protocol
• FTP – File Transfer Protocol
• SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Slide 56
IP Address
• Numerical label assigned to each devices
• IPv4 – 32 bit
eg: 172.16.254.1
IPv6 – 128 bit, developed in 1995
eg: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1
Slide 57
Motto
•
•
•
•
•
Don’t be Evil – Google
Applying Thought – Wipro
Your potential, Our Passion – Microsoft
Be What’s Next – Microsoft (new)
Power by Intellect, Driven by values - Infosys
Slide 58
Internet
•
•
•
•
Host – each internet computer
Internet Explorer – browsing software by MS
Intranet – restricted version in internet
Extranet –
closed online connecting organization
Slide 59
WWW
•
•
•
•
World Wide Web
Web Portal – gateway website to internet
ISP – internet service provider
HTML – browser can read websites in this
language, Hyper Text Markup Language
• Home Page – first page of website
• Surfing – visiting websites
Slide 60
• Epic – first Indian web browser
2010 July 15
Hidden Reflex, Bangalore
• URL – Uniform Resource Locator
address that identifies a website
Slide 61
Date and Day
• World Computer Literacy – Dec 2
• National Internet Safety – Feb 16
• International Internet Safety – Nov 30
Slide 62
Illegal Practices
•
•
•
•
Hacking – unauthorized use of computer
Spamming – sending unauthenticated emails
Phishing – email fraud method
Vishing – voice and phishing
IP telephonic version of phishing
• Email spoofing – forgery of an email head
Slide 63
• Malware – software used to damage computer
virus, worm, Trojan horse
• VIRUS – Vital Information Resources Under Siege
• First virus – creeper in ARPANET
• First personal computer virus – Elk Cloner
• First virus infected Microsoft OS – Brain
in 1986 by Farooq brothers
• First mobile virus - Cabir
Slide 64
• WORM –
stand alone malware that replicate
• TROJAN –
Non self replicating malware
• Anti Virus –
K7, McAfee, Kaspersky lab, AVG, Norton
Slide 65
•
•
•
•
First computer graphics used in film– TRON (1982)
First internet movie – Heart Beat
First film uses morphing – Willow
First computer magazine –
“computer and automation”, by Edmund
Berkely
• First real time computer – Whirlwind
• First computer animated news reader –
ANANOVA (Russia)
Slide 66
fathers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Computer – Charles Babbage
Computer Science – Alan Turing
Internet – Vinton Cerf
IT – Claud Shawn
Indian IT – Rajeev Gandhi
Super computer – Seymour Cray
Video games – Ralph Baer
Slide 67
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Indian Super computer – Vijay Bhatkar
Free software - Richard Stallman
Linux – Linus Torwalds
Mobile phone – Martin cooper
Wikipedia – Jimmy wales
WWW – Tim Bernes Lee
Portable computer – Adam Osborne
ASCII code – Bob Bemer
Email – Ray Tomilson
Slide 68
Inventors
•
•
•
•
Google – Larry page and Sergey Brin
Facebook – Mark Zucker Berg
Yahoo – Jerri Yong, David Filo
Twitter – Jack Dorsey
Slide 69
Devices
•
•
•
•
Mouse – Douglas Engelbart
Keyboard – Christopher Sholes
CD – James T Russel
Floppy Disk – Alan Shugart
Slide 70
Miscellaneous
Slide 71
Internet Security
Slide 72
CIA
Confidentiality
Data not
accessed by
hackers
Integrity
Data not altered
by hackers
Availability
Authorized user
can access
Slide 73
Data
security
Encrypt
Cipher text
Decrypt
Plain text
Slide 74
Cyber Laws
• IT act 2000
• Offence is investigated by a police officer not
below the rank of the Inspector
Slide 75
offences
• Email bombing – large number of mails to victim
• Web Jacking – gains access and control over
sites
• Pornography
• Online gambling
• Trafficking
• Email spoofing
• Forgery
Slide 76
Section 43
Access, downloading,
virus
Section 65
Tampering data
Section 66
IT act
Section 67
Section 71
Hacking
Publishing obscene
matters
Penalty for misrepresentation
Section 72
Breach of privacy
Section 73
Penalty for false electronic
signature certificate
Slide 77
•
•
•
•
•
•
Section 43 – fine up to 1cr
Section 66 – imprisonment 3 years or 5 lakh
Section 67 – 3 year and 10 lakh
Section 71 – 2 year or fine 1 lakh
Section 72 – 2 year or fine 1 lakh
Section 73 – 2-5 year or 1 lakh
Slide 78
Some crimes under IPC
•
•
•
•
Web Jacking – section 373 IPC
Cyber Fraud – section 420 IPC
Email Spoofing – section 465, 419 IPC
Sending defamatory message – section 499
IPC
• Threatening message – section 506 IPC
Slide 79
• Act administered by CERT
• Appeal lies to Cyber Appellate Tribunal
first in New Delhi in 2006
• Now its called CRAT (cyber regulation A T)
• Headed by a presiding officer – high court
judge
• First officer – Justice R C JAIN
• First cyber police station - Bangalore
Slide 80
ooho07
Search in GOOGLE
Information and communication
technology
Abhishek S Arackal
Slide 2
Generations
Slide 3
First generation
•
•
•
•
1940 – 56s
Vacuum tubes
Relied on machine language
Input on punch cards and paper tapes and
output on print out
• Eg:- UNIVAC and ENIAC
• expensive
Slide 4
Second generation
•
•
•
•
•
1956 - 63
Transistor
Smaller and cheaper
Moved from binary to assembly language
Eg:- IBM 7094, IBM 1400 series
Slide 5
Third generation
•
•
•
•
1964 - 71
Integrated circuits
Used keyboards and monitors
Eg:- IBM 370, UNIVAC 1108
Slide 6
Fourth generation
•
•
•
•
•
1971 - 2010
Microprocessor
No air conditioning is required
All types of high level languages can be used
Eg:- Apple Macintosh and IBM PC
Slide 7
Fifth generation
•
•
•
•
2010 –
Artificial intelligence
Understand natural human language
Can respond
Slide 8
Inventions
• Vacuum tubes –
John A Fleming
• Transistor –
William Shockly, John Bardeen,Walter H Brattain
• ICs –
Jack kilby, Robert Noyce
• Microprocessor –
Marcian E Ted Hoff, Stanley Mazor
Slide 9
Types of computer
Based on Principles
1. Analog
2. Digital
3. Hybrid
Slide 10
Analog
• Works on a continuous range of value
• Deals with physical values like voltage,
pressure, temperature etc
• Father – Lord Kelvin (William Thomson)
Slide 11
Digital
• Uses Binary Number system
• Only two digits 0 and 1
• Each 1 is called a bit
Slide 12
Hybrid
• Combination of both
• Best used in hospital
• Eg:- measuring heart beat
Slide 13
Based on configuration
1. Super
2. Main frame
3. Mini
4. Micro
Slide 14
Super
• Expensive and fast
• Weather forecasting, nuclear science,
aerodynamic modeling, seismology etc
• Companies which produced Super computers
are Cray, IBM and Hewlett Packard.
• Indian – EKA, PARAM, SAGA 220 Aaditya
• First company introduced – Control Data Corp
• Saga 220 - ISRO
• Deep Blue defeat Garry Kasparove at chess
Slide 15
•
•
•
•
First super – Cary 1– 1960
First Indian – PARAM 8000
Fastest - Tianhe II
Fastest Indian – PARAM YUVA II
• Father of super computer – Seymour Cray
• Father of Indian Super – Vijay Bhatkar
Slide 16
Main frame
• Process data at a very high speed
• 100s of millions instructions per second
• Banking, Airlines, Railways etc
Slide 17
Mini
• Lower to mainframe
• Less expensive
Slide 18
Micro
• It is single chip CPU
• Types are
desktop
laptop
handheld devices
Slide 19
• First Micro – Apple II
• First Mini – PDP 8
• First Super – Cray 1
Slide 20
Computer Organisation
• CPU
• MEMORY
• INPUT AND OUTPUT UNITS
Slide 21
CPU
• Interprets and carries out instructions
• Brain of computer
• 3 components
ALU + Control Unit + REGISTER
1. ALU – Mathematical and Logical operations
2. CU – fetch programs and control flow of
data
3. REGISTER – high speed storage areas in CPU
Slide 22
Memory Unit
• Store instructions and data
• Internal and External memory
• Internal – RAM, ROM
• External – secondary , teritiary
Slide 23
RAM
• Random Access Memory
• Short term memory
• Volatile – only as long as computer has
power
• Static RAM and Dynamic RAM
Slide 24
ROM
•
•
•
•
•
Read Only Memory
Called as Firmware
Non-Volatile
CACHE – memory used for fast processing
PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
Slide 25
Memory Measurement
•
•
•
•
•
•
8 bit – 1 byte
1024 byte – 1 kilobytes
1024 kilobyte – 1 megabytes
1024 megabytes – 1 gigabyte
1024 gigabyte – 1 terabyte
1024 terabyte – 1 petabyte
Slide 26
External
• Permanent storage of large data
• Secondary : needs to be used again and again
• example: harddisks, usb, flash drives, cds
dvds, memory cards, etc
• Teritiary : store information that is needed
occasionally for review purpose or for
restoring information after a system failure.
• Example : magnetic tapes, network server,
optical disk
Slide 27
Input Output devices
• Input – supply information
•
•
•
•
Keyboard
Mouse – pointing device only
Joystick – pointing device, in CAD and games
Light pen – pointing device,
to draw picture on monitor
Slide 28
•
•
•
•
Track ball – used in laptop instead of mouse
Scanner – paper to harddisk
Digitizer – analog information into digital form
Magnetic Ink Character Reader MICR –
Used in banks, bank code and
cheques with magnetic material inks
• Optical Character Reader OCR –
to read a printed text, scans text
optically character by character and converts
into a machine readable code
Slide 29
• Bar Code Reader – reading bar coded data
converts into alpha numeric values
• Optical Mark Reader –
recognize the type of mark by pen/pencil
checking answer sheets
Slide 30
Output Devices
• Monitors and printers commonly
• Speakers and headphones
Slide 31
GPRS
• General Packet Radio Service is a wireless
communication
• For sending emails, web browsing
Slide 32
Bluetooth
•
•
•
•
Short range wireless
Temporarily link between devices
Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994
Managed by Bluetooth special interest group
( SIG)
Slide 33
languages
Slide 34
languages
Low level
machine
0s and 1s
High level
assembly
Machine independent
mnemonics
Fortran,
java, c++
Slide 35
Language and developers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Basic – Thomas Kurtz
PASCAL – Nikalaus Wirth
C – Dennis Ritche
C++ - Bjarne Stroustrup
JAVA – James Gosling
COBOL – Grace Murray Hopper
FORTRAN – John Backus
Slide 36
software
Slide 37
software
System
application
OS
Android,
windows,
Linux
Utility
Copy, paste,
searching
Microsoft office,
web browser
Slide 38
Translator software
Slide 39
translator
compiler
Scans entire programs
first, then translate to
machine
interpreter
Translating high level
to machine
assembler
Assembly into
machine
Slide 40
UPS
• Uninterrupted power supply
• Power back up using a charging battery
Slide 41
windows
• It’s a GUI
• Owned by microsoft
• Its easier than DOS
Slide 42
UNIX
•
•
•
•
•
Used in servers, workstations, mobile devices
Developed by AT & T Bells lab
By Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie
C language also by AT&T
UNIX – one of the first OS in high level
language, namely C.
Slide 43
LINUX
•
•
•
•
•
Open source, free software
Linux Torvalds
Mascot – Tux the Penguin
Released in 5th oct 1991
Latest version – Linux Kernal 3.19, feb 2015
Slide 44
DOS
• First widely installed OS
• IBM and Microsoft version
• Non-graphical command oriented
Slide 45
WiFi and LiFi
• Wireless Fidelity
• Light Fidelity – LED used here
Slide 46
Microprocessor
• First – INTEL 4004
• First in PCs – INTEL 8080
• Largest manufacturer – INTEL
Slide 47
Storage Capacity
• CD – 700 MB
• DVD – 4.7 GB
• Floppy Disk – 1.44 MB
Slide 48
Number System
Slide 49
binary
Hexa
Decimal
Number
System
octal
decimal
Slide 50
Networking
Slide 51
Network
LAN
local
MAN
WAN
metropolitan
wide
Cable TV
network
National,
International
PAN
personal
Slide 52
• Router – connector
• ARPANET –
first operational packet switching network
by Massachusetts Institute of technology
WLAN – Wireless LAN
Slide 53
Protocol
Slide 54
protocol
TCP/IP
communication
FTP
Transfer
computer files
SMTP
Email transfer
HTTP
Data over WWW
Telnet
Connect remote
computer
Slide 55
• TCP/IP –
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
protocol
• FTP – File Transfer Protocol
• SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Slide 56
IP Address
• Numerical label assigned to each devices
• IPv4 – 32 bit
eg: 172.16.254.1
IPv6 – 128 bit, developed in 1995
eg: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1
Slide 57
Motto
•
•
•
•
•
Don’t be Evil – Google
Applying Thought – Wipro
Your potential, Our Passion – Microsoft
Be What’s Next – Microsoft (new)
Power by Intellect, Driven by values - Infosys
Slide 58
Internet
•
•
•
•
Host – each internet computer
Internet Explorer – browsing software by MS
Intranet – restricted version in internet
Extranet –
closed online connecting organization
Slide 59
WWW
•
•
•
•
World Wide Web
Web Portal – gateway website to internet
ISP – internet service provider
HTML – browser can read websites in this
language, Hyper Text Markup Language
• Home Page – first page of website
• Surfing – visiting websites
Slide 60
• Epic – first Indian web browser
2010 July 15
Hidden Reflex, Bangalore
• URL – Uniform Resource Locator
address that identifies a website
Slide 61
Date and Day
• World Computer Literacy – Dec 2
• National Internet Safety – Feb 16
• International Internet Safety – Nov 30
Slide 62
Illegal Practices
•
•
•
•
Hacking – unauthorized use of computer
Spamming – sending unauthenticated emails
Phishing – email fraud method
Vishing – voice and phishing
IP telephonic version of phishing
• Email spoofing – forgery of an email head
Slide 63
• Malware – software used to damage computer
virus, worm, Trojan horse
• VIRUS – Vital Information Resources Under Siege
• First virus – creeper in ARPANET
• First personal computer virus – Elk Cloner
• First virus infected Microsoft OS – Brain
in 1986 by Farooq brothers
• First mobile virus - Cabir
Slide 64
• WORM –
stand alone malware that replicate
• TROJAN –
Non self replicating malware
• Anti Virus –
K7, McAfee, Kaspersky lab, AVG, Norton
Slide 65
•
•
•
•
First computer graphics used in film– TRON (1982)
First internet movie – Heart Beat
First film uses morphing – Willow
First computer magazine –
“computer and automation”, by Edmund
Berkely
• First real time computer – Whirlwind
• First computer animated news reader –
ANANOVA (Russia)
Slide 66
fathers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Computer – Charles Babbage
Computer Science – Alan Turing
Internet – Vinton Cerf
IT – Claud Shawn
Indian IT – Rajeev Gandhi
Super computer – Seymour Cray
Video games – Ralph Baer
Slide 67
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Indian Super computer – Vijay Bhatkar
Free software - Richard Stallman
Linux – Linus Torwalds
Mobile phone – Martin cooper
Wikipedia – Jimmy wales
WWW – Tim Bernes Lee
Portable computer – Adam Osborne
ASCII code – Bob Bemer
Email – Ray Tomilson
Slide 68
Inventors
•
•
•
•
Google – Larry page and Sergey Brin
Facebook – Mark Zucker Berg
Yahoo – Jerri Yong, David Filo
Twitter – Jack Dorsey
Slide 69
Devices
•
•
•
•
Mouse – Douglas Engelbart
Keyboard – Christopher Sholes
CD – James T Russel
Floppy Disk – Alan Shugart
Slide 70
Miscellaneous
Slide 71
Internet Security
Slide 72
CIA
Confidentiality
Data not
accessed by
hackers
Integrity
Data not altered
by hackers
Availability
Authorized user
can access
Slide 73
Data
security
Encrypt
Cipher text
Decrypt
Plain text
Slide 74
Cyber Laws
• IT act 2000
• Offence is investigated by a police officer not
below the rank of the Inspector
Slide 75
offences
• Email bombing – large number of mails to victim
• Web Jacking – gains access and control over
sites
• Pornography
• Online gambling
• Trafficking
• Email spoofing
• Forgery
Slide 76
Section 43
Access, downloading,
virus
Section 65
Tampering data
Section 66
IT act
Section 67
Section 71
Hacking
Publishing obscene
matters
Penalty for misrepresentation
Section 72
Breach of privacy
Section 73
Penalty for false electronic
signature certificate
Slide 77
•
•
•
•
•
•
Section 43 – fine up to 1cr
Section 66 – imprisonment 3 years or 5 lakh
Section 67 – 3 year and 10 lakh
Section 71 – 2 year or fine 1 lakh
Section 72 – 2 year or fine 1 lakh
Section 73 – 2-5 year or 1 lakh
Slide 78
Some crimes under IPC
•
•
•
•
Web Jacking – section 373 IPC
Cyber Fraud – section 420 IPC
Email Spoofing – section 465, 419 IPC
Sending defamatory message – section 499
IPC
• Threatening message – section 506 IPC
Slide 79
• Act administered by CERT
• Appeal lies to Cyber Appellate Tribunal
first in New Delhi in 2006
• Now its called CRAT (cyber regulation A T)
• Headed by a presiding officer – high court
judge
• First officer – Justice R C JAIN
• First cyber police station - Bangalore
Slide 80
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