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MACHINE TOOL
Prof. kiran gore


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Contents
 Lathe

machine
 Drilling machine
 Grinding machine


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Lathe machine

The main function of lathe machine is to remove
unwanted material from the work peace in the form of
chips to give desired shape & size.


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BASIC ELEMENTS OF LATHE MACHINE
The lathe machine consist of following principle parts:-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Bed
Head stock
Tail stock
Carriage
Lead screw
Feed mechanism


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1. Lathe Bed


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1. Lathe Bed


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Lathe Bed


Heavy, rugged casting



Made to support working parts of
lathe



On top section are machined ways
– Guide and align major parts of lathe


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2. Head stock


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2. Head stock
Chuck


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Chucks
A chuck is one of the most important
device for holding & rotating a work
piece in a lathe.
The various types of chuck as follows
1. Three jaw chuck
2. Four jaw chuck
3. Drill or collect chuck
4. Magnetic chuck


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1) Three jaw chuck


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2) Four jaw chuck


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3) Drill or collect chuck


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4) Magnetic chuck


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2. Head stock



Clamped on left-hand end of bed
Headstock spindle
– Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by
bearings
_Provides drive through gears to work-holding
devices

– Live center, faceplate, or chuck fitted to
spindle nose to hold and drive work



Driven by stepped pulley or transmission
gears
Feed reverse lever
– Reverses rotation of feed rod and lead
screw


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3. Tail stock


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3. Tail stock


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Tail stock


Located at right hand end of the lathe bed.

It can be moved along the guide ways on the
lathe bed & can be clamped in any position on
the lathe bed.
Function
 To hold the dead centre which can support
the long work pieces during machining &




To hold the tools like drill, reamer & boring for
carrying out operations like drilling, reaming &
boring.


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4. Carriage


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4. Carriage


Located between the headstock &
tailstock of the lathe bed.



It slides along the guide ways on the
lathe bed.

Function


To hold the cutting tool,



To give longitudinal &/ or cross feed to
the cutting tool.


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Parts of carriage
The carriage has five parts
1. Saddle
2. Cross slide
3. Compound rest
4. Tool post
5. Apron


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5. Lead screw


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5. Lead screw


It is along threaded shaft driven by the
feed drive.

Function


It is used for giving mechanized motion
to the carriage for cutting threads on
the work piece.



The rotary motion of the lead screw is
converted into linear motion of the split
nut & the carriage.


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6. Feed drive


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6. Feed drive
Feed drive is the unit used for
transmitting the power & motion from
the main drive to the lead screw with
required reduction ratio.


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Lathe Size


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Lathe Size


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SPECIFICATION OF LATHE

Swing
Work piece Length

Overall length of bed


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Operations on Lathe
 Parting

 Turning
 Tapper

turning

 Knurling

 Facing

 Drilling

 Chamfering

 Boring

 Grooving

 Reaming
 Threading


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Turning

Turning is the process of removing
material from the cylindrical surface of the
work peace to reduced its diameter.
The tool used for this operation is
called as turning tool.


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Turning
1)
2)

Straight Turning
Step turning


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1) Straight Turning

Straight turning are used to reduced
the diameter of the work piece.
The tool motion is longitudinal


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2) Step turning

When the work peace of different
diameter turned the surface from one
diameter of work peace is called as step
turning.
The tool used for this operation is called
as turning tool.


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Facing

The facing operation used for reducing
the length of the of a work piece.
 Tool – facing tool
 Feed – cross feed



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Chamfering

Chamfering is the process of removing the sharp
edges of the work peace.
chamfering is provided to
1. For avoiding the injuries to the persons handling
to the finished product.
2. For aesthetic look to the finished product.


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Grooving

Grooving is the process of producing / providing a
narrow groove on the cylindrical surface of the
Work peace .


Tool – grooving tool
 Feed – cross feed



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Parting

Parting is the process of cutting the work
peace in to two parts.
 Tool – parting tool
 Feed – cross feed



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Knurling

Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond
shaped regular pattern on the surface of work piece
 Knurling operation performed for producing
proper grip as compared to smooth surface
Tool – knurling tool
Feed – longitudinal feed



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Drilling

Drilling is the process of producing a cylindrical hole
in the work peace.
Tool – drilling tool


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Boring

Boring is done to enlarge the already drilled hole &
boring them to exact size.
Tool – boring tool


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Reaming

•Reaming is a finishing operation because a very
small amount of material is removed during operation.
•Tool -reaming tool


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THREADING


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