Web application security High tech threats

Ivan Marković IT Security Consultant

Reference

Web aplikacije

• • • Šta su web aplikacije i web tehnologije?

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Web aplikacije

• • Zašto su web aplikacije u većini slučajeva prva meta zlonamernih korisnika?

Dostupnost, održavanje, ...

Web aplikacije

• • Kako web aplikacije i propusti u njima ugrožavaju online i offline sisteme?

Kako zaobilaze uobičajne metode zaštite?

Web aplikacije / Top Threats

• • • • • • • • • • A1: Injection A2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) A3: Broken Authentication and Session Management A4: Insecure Direct Object ReferencesA 5: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) A6: Security Misconfiguration A7: Insecure Cryptographic Storage A8: Failure to Restrict URL Access A9: Insufficient Transport Layer Protection A10: Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards

High Tech Vulnerabilities

• Kako kombinacija uobičajnih propusta niskog rizika postaje ulaz za hakere?

EverCookie

 Virtually irrevocable persistent cookies - Samy Kamkar, http://samy.pl/evercookie/  Storage mechanisms: - Standard HTTP Cookies - Local Shared Objects (Flash Cookies) - Silverlight Isolated Storage - Storing cookies in Web History - Storing cookies in HTTP ETags - Storing cookies in Web cache - window.name caching - Internet Explorer userData storage - HTML5 Session Storage, Local Storage, Global Storage, Database Storage via SQLite - Storing cookies in RGB values of auto-generated, force-cached PNGs using HTML5 Canvas tag to read pixels (cookies) back out

Fun with Cookies

• Visitor Tracking Without Cookies (or How To Abuse HTTP 301s) http://www.scatmania.org/2012/04/24/visito r-tracking-without-cookies/ • XSS: Gaining access to HttpOnly Cookie in 2012 http://seckb.yehg.net/2012/06/xss-gaining access-to-httponly-cookie.html

New DDoS tricks

 Slowloris - Robert Hansen, http://ha.ckers.org/slowloris/ - Keeps connections open by sending partial HTTP requests and sends headers at regular intervals to prevent the sockets from closing  Slow HTTP POST Attack - Onn Chee Wong, http://www.owasp.org/images/4/43/Layer_7_DD OS.pdf

- OSI Layer 7 - Content-Length: 1000 (bytes) / but send it 1 byte per 110 seconds

New DDoS tricks

 Javascript LOIC - Low Orbit Ion Cannon - an open source network attack application, written in C#  HTML 5 WebWorkers and Cross Origin Requests - Lavakumar Kuppan, http://blog.andlabs.org/2010/12/performing ddos-attacks-with-html5.html

Click Jacking

 also known as a "UI redress attack", is when an attacker uses multiple transparent or opaque layers to trick a user into clicking on a button or link on another page when they were intending to click on the the top level page http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking

Click Jacking

 http://www.sectheory.com/clickjacking.htm

Browser Auto Complete

 I want to know your name, who you work for, where you live, your email address ... - Jeremiah Grossman, http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/08/ breaking-browsers-hacking-auto-complete.html

    Safari Address Book Autofill Internet Explorer stealing previously entered data Writing to auto complete Read remembered passwords

Browser Auto Complete

 Safari Address Book Autofill

Browser Auto Complete

 Safari Address Book Autofill

Browser Auto Complete

 Safari Address Book Autofill

Name: Company: City: State: Country: Email:

Browser Auto Complete

 I want to know your name, who you work for, where you live, your email address ... - Jeremiah Grossman, http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/08/ breaking-browsers-hacking-auto-complete.html

    Safari Address Book Autofill Internet Explorer stealing previously entered data Writing to auto complete Read remembered passwords with XSS



Browser and Web app plugins

Browser plugins, http://research.zscaler.com/2011/02/browser plugins-and-security.html

 Security considerations: - see login/password credentials in clear text - send back the credentials to any website - modify the web pages seen by the user - add/delete/modify files on the computer - run executables

Browser plugins

 Malicious browser plugins examples: 2007: Firebug goes evil: http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/firebug-goes evil/ console.log({'':'exploit'}) 2009: NoScript vs Adblock: http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/ browsers/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=217700105

Browser plugins

 Malicious browser plugins examples: 2010: TROJAN: http://blog.mozilla.com/addons/2010/02/04/plea se-read-security-issue-on-amo/ - S othink Web Video Downloader / Win32.LdPinch.gen

- Master Filer / Win32.Bifrose.32.Bifrose

Btw, how is situation in the wild ?

Web app plugins

 Web application plugins - Wordpress, Joomla, … http://secunia.com/advisories/search/?search=wordpress

Web app plugins

 Web application plugins - Wordpress, Joomla, … http://secunia.com/advisories/search/?search=joomla

XSS in IE XSS Filter

 Mistake by design, Eduardo Vela Nava and David Lindsay, http://p42.us/ie8xss/ Internet Explorer 8 implements an anti Cross-site Scripting (XSS) mechanism to detect certain types of XSS attacks. This feature can be abused by attackers in order to enable XSS on web sites and web pages that would otherwise be immune to XSS. For the most part, this neutering mechanism is effective at blocking certain types of XSS attacks from occuring. However, altering a server's response before it gets rendered by the browser may have unintended consequences.

XSS in IE XSS Filter

 Mistake by design, Eduardo Vela Nava and David Lindsay, http://p42.us/ie8xss/ Example: Injection string: x onload=alert(0) x - will not execute the alert - will execute the alert

Cross Site Request Forgery

 CSRF is an attack which forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which he/she is currently authenticated http://secunia.com/advisories/search/?search=Cross+Site +Request+Forgery&sort_by=date

Cross Site Request Forgery

 Facebook: http://www.john jean.com/blog/advisories/facebook-csrf-and-xss vulnerabilities-destructive-worms-on-a-social network-350  Twitter: http://techcrunch.com/2010/09/26/dont-click the-wtf-link-on-twitter-unless-you-do-like-sex with-goats

HTTP Parameter Pollution

 Stefano di Paola and Luca Carettoni, http://www.owasp.org/images/b/ba/AppsecEU09 _CarettoniDiPaola_v0.8.pdf

 How does your application respond if it receives multiple parameters all with the same name ?

 Bypass firewall, Change application behaviour, …

HTTP Parameter Pollution

HTTP Parameter Contamination

HTTP PARAMETER CONTAMINATION (HPC) original idea comes from the innovative approach found in HPP research by exploring deeper and exploiting strange behaviors in Web Server components, Web Applications and Browsers as a result of query string parameter contamination with reserved or non expected characters. Some facts: - The term Query String is commonly used to refer to the part between the “?” and the end of the URI - As defined in the RFC 3986, it is a series of field-value pairs - Pairs are separated by “&” or “;” - RFC 2396 defines two classes of characters: Unreserved: a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) Reserved: ; / ? : @ & = + $ , Unwise: { } | \ ^ [ ] `

INTRANET Hacking

 From Website to LAN  Browser plugins  Cross Site Request Forgery http://netsec.rs/31/huawei-hg510-multiple vulnerabilities/494/  CSS History Hack for Port Scanning (with and without Java Script): http://ha.ckers.org/blog/20100125/css-history-hack-in firefox-without-javascript-for-intranet-portscanning/

 

INTRANET Hacking

From Website to LAN Cross Site Request Forgery http://netsec.rs/31/huawei-hg510-multiple-vulnerabilities/494/

INTRANET Hacking

 From Website to LAN  Cross Site Request Forgery http://netsec.rs/31/huawei-hg510-multiple-vulnerabilities/494/

.: POC (CSRF / Change password)

http://PUBLIC_IP_OF_USER/password.cgi?sysPassword=BASE64_NEW_PA SSWORD

.: POC (CSRF / DoS)

http://PUBLIC_IP_OF_USER/rebootinfo.cgi

Exotic threats in 2012

• White Hat Security Exotic Threats http://blog.whitehatsec.com/top-ten-web hacking-techniques-of-2012/

Playground

• • • Demo okruženje za analizu bezbednosti BackTrack Linux Metasploit

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