BASIC ELECTRONICS PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org Recommended Reference Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, 4th ed., John G.
Download ReportTranscript BASIC ELECTRONICS PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org Recommended Reference Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, 4th ed., John G.
Slide 1
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 2
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 3
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 4
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 5
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 6
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 7
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 8
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 9
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 10
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 11
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 12
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 13
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 14
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 15
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 16
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 17
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 18
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 2
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 3
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 4
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 5
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 6
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 7
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 8
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 9
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 10
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 11
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 12
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 13
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 14
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 15
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 16
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 17
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.
Slide 18
BASIC ELECTRONICS
PART 4: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah – www.k-space.org
Recommended Reference
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,
4th ed., John G. Webster (ed.)
Ideal Op Amp Characteristics
𝑣+ = 𝑣−
𝑖 + = 𝑖− = 0
Voltage Follower
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣𝑖
Inverting Amplifier
Summing Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4
𝑣5
𝑣5
Disadvantage: Low input impedance
Instrumentation Amplifier
𝑣3
𝑣4 − 𝑣3 = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ) /𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 . (2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝑣𝑜 =
. 2𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 /𝑅2
𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣4
Advantage: High input impedance
Comparator
Simple
R3=0
𝑣𝑜 = −𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 > 0
𝑣𝑜 = +𝑉𝑐𝑐 when 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 < 0
With hysteresis
R3>0 – controls width of hysteresis
Noise immunity
Logarithmic Amplifier
Output proportional to input logarithm
𝑣𝑜 = 0.060 log ( 𝑣𝑖 /𝐼𝑠 . 𝑅𝑖 )
Integrator
Differentiator
Active Filters
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Band-pass filter
Combination of the two
Practical Characteristics of Op Amps
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Constant for any Op Amp
Slew Rate
Offset voltage
Drift
Noise
Example: 741 Op Amp
Example: LH6702 Wideband Op Amp
Assignments
Download and go through the data sheets of the
practical Op Amps discussed and compare their
characteristics.
Implement Op Amp circuits of your choice in the
lab to test their performance.