Slide 1

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 2

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 3

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 4

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 5

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 6

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 7

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 8

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 9

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 10

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 11

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 12

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 13

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 14

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 15

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 16

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 17

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 18

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 19

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 20

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 21

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 22

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 23

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 24

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 25

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 26

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 27

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 28

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 29

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 30

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 31

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 32

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 33

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 34

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 35

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 36

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 37

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 38

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 39

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 40

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 41

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 42

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 43

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 44

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 45

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 46

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 47

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 48

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 49

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 50

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 51

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 52

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 53

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 54

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 55

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 56

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 57

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 58

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 59

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 60

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 61

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 62

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 63

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 64

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 65

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 66

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 67

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 68

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 69

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 70

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 71

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 72

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 73

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 74

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 75

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 76

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 77

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 78

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 79

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 80

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 81

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 82

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 83

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 84

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 85

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 86

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 87

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 88

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 89

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 90

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 91

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 92

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 93

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 94

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 95

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 96

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 97

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 98

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 99

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 100

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 101

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 102

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 103

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
[email protected]


Slide 104

The 3-Part Thesis Statement
HOW TO WRITE AN A-GRADE
THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Statement?
•
•
•
•

A statement is a sentence.
A sentence is a complete idea.
There is a subject and a predicate.
The meaning is completely clear to
the reader.

Before You Begin: IMPORTANT TERMS
STATIVE
VERB
1

ACTIVE
VERB
2

MODAL
VERB
PASSIVE
VERB

3

INDEFINITE
SUBJECT

Expresses state or condition
is,
are,
was,
were,
will
be
(is sick, will be asleep)
Expresses event or activity
know, run, feel, go, write, sleep, say, claim
(feels sick; slept, will say)
Polite start of a challenge or opposition
can, could
may, might
seem, appear
to an idea; can protect the writer
it is said that
investigated
by
Increases
focusthe
onclaim
the was
receiver
of the
thefocus
report will
signed
by doer
action, less
on be
the
action’s
is said that the
it isdoer
claimed
Avoids itidentifying
orthat
source of
it has been said that researchers claim that
the action, event,
status,
condition
researchers
say that

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS IDEAS IN A TENTATIVE MANNER

How to Write a Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

• The man is
alive.
• The ant is
sensitive.
• The dog is
singing.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may be
alive.
• The ant appears
to be sensitive.
• The dog might
be singing.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb (Present Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box is not
• The box does not
heavy.
seem to be heavy.
• The cat is not my • The cat could not
imagination.
be my imagination.
• This pen is not
• This pen cannot
also a knife.
also be a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (3)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The man was
alive.
• The ant was
sensitive.
• The cat had
been a man.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man may have
been alive.
• The ant appears to
have been sensitive.
• The cat could have
been a man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (4)
FAIL: Verb (Past Tense)

• The box was
not heavy.
• The dog was
not singing.
• This pen was
also a knife.

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box did not seem
to be heavy.
• The dog might not
have been singing.
• This pen could also
have been a knife.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (5)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The man will be
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.
• The cat will be a
man.

• The man may
seem to be alive.
• The ant will
appear to be
sensitive.
• The cat could be a
man.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (6)
FAIL: Verb (Future Tense)

PASS: Modal Verb

• The box will not
be heavy.
• The dog will not
be singing.
• This pen will
also be a knife.

• The box will not
seem to be heavy.
• The dog might not
be singing.
• This pen can also
be a knife.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may __ alive.
The dog might __ singing.
The cat appears __ a
man.
This pen seems __ also a
knife.
The ant seemed __
sensitive.
The box will not seem __
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT
TO INCREASE FOCUS ON THE TOPIC AND LESSEN FOCUS
ON THE DOER OF THE ACTION

How to Write a Tentative Statement (7)
FAIL: Verb

• The man is
alive.
• The ant will
become
sensitive.

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• It is said that the man
is alive.
• It is (thought, agreed,
believed) that the ant
will become sensitive.

How to Write a Tentative Statement (8)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indefinite Subject

• The box was • It was (observed,
not heavy.
proven) that the box
was not heavy.
• The dog will
be singing.
• It seems that the dog
will be singing.
• This pen can
also be a
• It was claimed that this
spoon.
pen can also be a spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The man
is alive.
2. Present: The dog
is singing.
3. Present: The cat
is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. say the man may
__ alive.
2. think the dog
might __ singing.
3. agree the cat
appears __ a man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

4. Present: This
pen is also a
knife.
5. Past: The ant
was sensitive.
6. Future: The box
will not heavy.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. believe this pen
seems __ also __ a
knife.
5. prove the ant
seemed __ sensitive.
6. claim the box will not
seem __ heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

1. Present: The
man is alive.
2. Present: The
dog is singing.
3. Present: The
cat is a man.

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

1. It is said that the man
may be alive.
2. It is thought that the
dog might be singing.
3. It is agreed that the
cat appears to be a
man.

Write a Tentative Statement
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subj + Modal Verb

4. Present: This 4. It is believed that this pen
pen is also a
seems to be also a knife.
knife.
5. It was proven that the ant
5. Past: The ant
seemed to be sensitive.
was sensitive. 6. It may be claimed that
6. Future: The
the box will not seem to
box will not
be heavy. may, might, could
heavy.

Write a Tentative Statement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will seem to be
not heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

USE AN INDEFINITE SUBJECT PLUS
A MODAL VERB

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (1)
FAIL: Verb

• The man will
be alive.
• The dog will
be singing.

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• It is said that the man
may be alive.
• It has been claimed
that the dog might be
singing.

Write a Formal Tentative Statement (2)
FAIL: Verb

PASS: Indef Subject + Modal

• The ant will • It might be argued that the
become
ant appears to be sensitive.
sensitive.
• It has been found that the
• The box will
box does not seem to be
not be heavy.
heavy.
• This pen
•
It
was
said
that
this
pen
cannot
could not function as a
function as a
spoon.
spoon.

Write a Tentative Statement
•
•
•
•
•
•

FAIL: Verb
Present: The man is alive.
Present: The dog is
singing.
Present: The cat is a man.
Present: This pen is also a
knife.
Past: The ant was
sensitive.
Future: The box will not
be heavy.

•
•
•
•

•
•

PASS: Modal Verb
The man may be alive.
The dog might be singing.
The cat appears to be a
man.
This pen seems to be also
a knife.
The ant seemed to be
sensitive.
The box will not seem to
be heavy.

Writing Techniques for A-grade Thesis Statements

THE STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

What is a Thesis (1)
FAIL

• A thesis is an
idea that
needs no
discussion.

PASS

• A thesis is an
idea that can
be discussed.

What is a Thesis (2)
FAIL

• There is no
need to prove
or disprove it.

PASS

• There is a need
to either prove
or disprove it.

What is a Thesis (3)
FAIL

PASS

• The reader
• The reader
already knows (does not know
that the idea
if, is unsure
is clearly true
that) the idea
or clearly
is clearly true
false.
or clearly false.

The Good Thesis Statement (1)
PASS

FAIL

• The meaning • The meaning
is clear to the is unclear to
reader.
the reader.

The Good Thesis Statement (2)
PASS

FAIL

• The thesis is • The thesis is
tentatively
clearly either
either true or true or false.
false.

The Good Thesis Statement (3)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The need to
prove the
prove the
thesis is clear. thesis is
unclear.

The Good Thesis Statement (4)
PASS

FAIL

• The need to • The
prove the
importance
thesis
of proving
appears to be the thesis is
clearly
not
clear.
important.

Example: Mary is a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The idea is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is a clear need
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The idea is clearly either
true or false.
The need to prove the
idea is unclear.
The importance of
proving the idea is not
clear.

Example: Mary is not a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Mary may not be a woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a
woman.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It seems that Mary may not be a woman; she may
not be qualified to join the Olympic Games.
•
•
•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•
•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

10-ITEM REVIEW QUIZ

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The USA, the Philippines, and Russia seems to have
demonstrated modern people power to the world.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It can be said that the USA, the Philippines, and
Russia demonstrated modern people power.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree appear to be useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is said that the trunk, leaves, and fruits of
the coconut tree are useful to humans.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree are useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

It is proven that the trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful to humans, so
this coconut project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut
tree can be useful to humans, so this coconut
plantation project should be approved.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

Electricity or cooking gas may not be the
most important utilities in a kitchen.
•
•

•
•

PASS
The meaning is clear to
the reader.
The thesis is tentatively
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is clear.
The need to prove the
thesis appears to be
clearly important.

•
•

•
•

FAIL
The meaning is unclear
to the reader.
The thesis is clearly
either true or false.
The need to prove the
thesis is unclear.
The importance of
proving the thesis is not
clear.

10-ITEM REVIEW ANSWERS TO BE SHOWN IN CLASS

THESIS STATEMENT PASS OR FAIL?

Writing Techniques for a C-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X1 METHOD)

The 3X1 Technique: Positive

The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (Positive)

coconut tree
1

trunk
1

2

leaves

3

fruits

useful to humans

The 3X1 Technique (Negative)

Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may
not be the most important
utilities in a kitchen.

Sample: 3x1 Cluster Outline (negative)

in kitchens
1

electric
lights
1

2

rice
cookers

3

gas
stoves

not the most important

The 3X1 Technique (Mixed)

It can be said that the
USA, the Philippines, but
not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of
modern people power.

3x1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)

1

the USA
1

The
2
Philippines

3

not
Russia

showed people power

The 3X1 Technique
• Positive statement: The trunk, leaves, and
fruits of the coconut tree are useful to
humans.
• Negative statement: Electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not be the most
important utilities in a kitchen.
• Mixed statement: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, but not Russia showed the
world the real meaning of modern people
power.

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(1X3 METHOD)

The 1X3 Technique: Positive

The most important
parts of a flower are the
petals, the pistils, and the
stamens.

1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

important
parts

are
1

petals

2

pistils

3

stamens

The 1X3 Technique: Mixed

Democracy can be
beneficial and dangerous,
but more effective than
communism.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
1

democracy

can be
but

1 beneficial

2

dangerous

3

effective

The 1X3 Technique

It is said that my
country’s government is
corrupt, the people are
poor, and the quality of
life is low.

The 1x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
1

my country

It is said that
1government

is corrupt

2

people are
poor

3

quality of
life is low

Writing Techniques for a B-grade Thesis Statement

CHANGING THE B-GRADE
(1X3 METHOD)

Improve the 1X3 Technique
Although a 1x3 statement can usually be a
B-grade thesis statement, in this
statement, for example ...

The most important parts of a
flower are the petals, the pistils,
and the stamens.
... the grade can be changed, as follows.

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Technique

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)

YOU ARE HERE

The most important parts of a flower are the
D-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
Flowers have important parts such as petals,
D-grade
pistils, and stamens.
The most important parts of a flower can be the
C-grade
petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It said that the most important parts of a flower
B-grade
are the petals, the pistils, and the stamens.
It is said that the most important parts of a
flower can be the petals,
the pistils, and the
A-grade
stamens.
The most important parts of a flower are said
to be the petals, the A*-grade
pistils, and the stamens.

STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
2

TENTATIVE

YOUFORMAL
AIM HERE
+
3

STATEMENT

4

5

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE
FORMAL &
TENTATIVE

D

C
B

A

A*

Improve the 1X3 Technique

Democracy can be beneficial
or dangerous but not
ineffective.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE
YOU ARE HERE
2 TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
Democracy is beneficial or dangerous but not
D-grade
ineffective.
Democracy includes benefits and dangers but
D-grade
not ineffectiveness.

D

Democracy can be beneficial or dangerous but
C-grade
not ineffective.

C

3

FORMAL +
STATEMENT

It has been claimed that democracy is
B-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

B

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

It has been claimed that democracy can be
A-grade
beneficial or dangerous but not ineffective.

A

Democracy is claimed to be beneficial or
A*-grade
dangerous but not ineffective.

A*

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Improve the 1X3 Technique

It is said that in my country the
government is corrupt, the
quality of life is poor, and the
people are sad.

Technique
STATIVE
1

ACTIVE

2

TENTATIVE

YOU ARE HERE
FORMAL +
3

STATEMENT

4

FORMAL +
TENTATIVE

YOU AIM HERE
FORMAL &
5

TENTATIVE

Three-part Thesis Statement (1x3)
In my country the government is corrupt, the quality
D-grade
of life is poor, and the people
are sad.

In my country the government tolerates corruption,
D-grade
lowers the quality of life,
and saddens the people.

D

In my country the government seems to be corrupt,
the quality of life can beC-grade
poor, and the people appear
to be sad.

C

It said that in my country the government is corrupt,
B-grade
the quality of life is poor,
and the people are sad.

B

It said that in my country the government seems to
be corrupt, the quality of
life can be poor, and the
A-grade
people appear to be sad.

A

My country’s government is said to be corrupt, the
quality of life poor, andA*-grade
the people sad.

A*

Writing Techniques for an A-grade Thesis Statement

THE 3-PART THESIS STATEMENT
(3X3 METHOD)

The 3X3 Technique (Positive)

The trunk, leaves, and fruits
of the coconut tree are useful
to humans, animals, and to
other plants.

The 3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
1 Trunks are useful 2 Leaves are useful

3 Fruits are useful

1

to humans

1

to humans

1

to humans

2

to animals

2

to animals

2

to animals

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3

to other
plants

3x3 Cluster Outline (Positive)
The Coconut Tree
to humans

1

to animals

2

3 to other plants

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

1

trunks are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

2

leaves are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

3

fruits are
useful

The 3X3 Technique: Negative

Electric lights, rice cookers,
or gas stoves may not be the
most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
in a kitchen

1

2 in a restaurant

3 in an apartment

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

1

electric
lights

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

2

rice
cookers

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3

gas stoves

3x3 Cluster Outline (Negative)
not the most important utilities
electric lights

1

rice cookers

2

3

gas stoves

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

1

in a
kitchen

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

2

in a
restaurant

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

3

in an
apartment

The 3X3 Technique: Mixed

It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and the USSR
showed the world the real
meaning of people power and
democracy, but not efficient
governance.

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1Saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
showed the world
the USA

1

the Philippines

2

3

the USSR

1

people
power

1

people
power

1

people
power

2

democracy

2

democracy

2

democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

The 3X3 Technique
• Positive: The trunk, leaves, and fruits of the
coconut tree are useful to humans, animals,
and to other plants.
• Negative: Electric lights, rice cookers, or gas
stoves may not be the most important utilities
in a kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the
real meaning of people power and democracy,
but not efficient governance.

Writing Techniques for an A*-grade Thesis Statement

THESIS STATEMENT + OPPOSITION
(3X3 + 1 METHOD)

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (1)

Positive should add negative:
Although coconuts can be
dangerous, the trunk, leaves,
and fruits of the coconut tree are
useful to humans, animals, and
to other plants.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (2)

Negative should add positive:
Despite popular perception to
the contrary, electric lights, rice
cookers, or gas stoves may not
be the most important utilities in
a kitchen, a restaurant, or an
apartment.

3X3 + 1 : Add an Opposing Idea (3)
Mixed: It can be said that the USA,
the Philippines, and Russia showed
the world the real meaning of
people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing
idea is already present)
NOTE: If you use 3x3 mixed, there’s no need to
add opposing ideas to get an A*

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
1 saw people power 2 saw democracy

but not efficient
3
government

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

1

in the USA

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

2

in the
Philippines

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3

in the
USSR

3x3 + 1 Cluster Outline (Mixed)
the world
in the USA

1

2 in the Philippines

3

in the USSR

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

1

saw people
power

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

2

saw
democracy

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3

not efficient
government

3x3 + 1 : Add an opposing idea
• Positive: Although coconuts can be dangerous,
the trunk, leaves, and fruits of the coconut tree
are useful to humans, animals, and to other
plants.
• Negative: Despite popular perception to the
contrary, electric lights, rice cookers, or gas stoves
may not be the most important utilities in a
kitchen, a restaurant, or an apartment.
• Mixed: It can be said that the USA, the
Philippines, and Russia showed the world the real
meaning of people power and democracy, but
not efficient governance. (opposing idea is
already present)

What is a strong thesis statement?
• The meaning is clear to the reader.
• The thesis is tentatively either true or
false.
• Tentative statements are used (modals,
etc)
• The need to prove the thesis is clear to
the reader.
• The need to prove the thesis appears to
be clearly important.

REVIEW
What is an A-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 positive.
• Use the formula 3x3 negative.
What is an A*-grade thesis statement?
• Use the formula 3x3 mixed or
• Use the formula 3x3 + 1

Next

CREATING THE A* PAPER OR
PROPOSAL

The A* Paper: How Sure Is It?
An A*-grade thesis statement must mean
an A*-grade research proposal or paper.
• Many times, this does not happen.
• Often, the result can be an A or B paper.
• Or even a C or D.
• If it’s plagiarized, it’s an F grade.

Seven (7) Tips for an A*paper
1. A very strong thesis statement
2. Correct APA structure of the proposal (or
report, paper or research document)

3.
4.
5.
6.

Correct APA-style references
Well-done Research Notes
Integrated quotes with APA-style citations.
Integrated paraphrases with APA-style
citations. (See It’s OK to Copy)
7. Combine various ideas into a new idea. Three
steps how to do this in the next slide

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 1: State how or why the
new idea may succeed.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 2: State how or why the
new idea may fail.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

Combine various ideas into a new idea

Step 3: State how or how you
might balance, counter, or
neutralize the possible failure.
Use a theory to defend or
support this.

END OF PRESENTATION
The 3-Part Thesis Statement: How To Write An
A-grade Thesis Statement
By Jaime Alfredo Cabrera
Albukhary International University, Malaysia

THANK YOU
Send comments or suggestions to
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