Slide 1

E-resources, Open Access and KNUST
Repository
Dr. Helena Asamoah –Hassan
University Librarian, KNUST, Kumasi
presented at GRASAG-KNUST Seminar , Great Hall Conference Room ,

KNUST, Kumasi on 1st November 2012.


Slide 2

Electronic Resources (e-Resources)
Online databases (Subscription and Free)
• Commercial Aggregators –EbscoHost
• Single Publisher Commercial – Emerald, OUP
• Free - HINARI, AGORA,
• Open Access – DOAJ
Online Journals
• Commercial –Institute of Physics
• Free - Cochrane
• Open Access- First Monday
Internet (through search engines)
• Yahoo, Google, Google Scholar
CDs and CD-Roms

2


Slide 3

Types of Online Resources available to Ghanaian
Researchers
Several online databases / journals are available.
• On subscription globally - access is by payment of money through
publishers directly – Elsevier etc.
• Highly subsidised subscription through organisations access is by payment and membership.
• Free access through organisations - access is by
membership.
• Free access through UN organisations - access is by
registration.
• Open Access - accessible to all through the internet.


Slide 4

Access to Online Journals in Ghana
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

EBSCOHost Complete www.ebscohost.com
Wiley-Blackwells Synergy http://eu.wiley.com
Emerald http://info.emerald.com
Sage http://www.sagepub.com/journalsIndex.nav
IEEE http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
Project Muse http://muse.jhu.edu
Oxford University Press www.oup.co.uk
Mary Ann Liebert www.liebertonline.com
American Physical Society http://publish.aps.org
Annual Reviews http:// arjournals.annualreviews.org
Beech Tree Publishing https://www.ingentaconnect.com


Slide 5

Access to Online Journals in Ghana
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Optical Society of America http://www.opticsinfobase.org/
Royal Society Journals Online http://publishing.royalsociety.org/
Royal Society for Chemistry http://www.rsc.org
Symposium Journals www.symposium-journals.co.uk
University of Chicago Press www.journals.uchicago.edu
AJOL Document Delivery www.ajol.info
Mineralogy Society of Great Britain & Ireland www.minabs.com
Nature Publishing Group www.nature.com
Cochrane Library
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/mrwhome/
106568753/HOME
• Geological Society http://www.lyellcolection.org


Slide 6

Access to Online Journals in Ghana
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Britannica Encyclopeadia www.britannica.com
IOP http://journals.iop.org
Cambridge University Press http://www.journals.cambridge.org
BioOne http://www.bioone.org
Oxford Reference Online http://www.oxfordreference.com
JSTOR http://www.jstor.org
World Bank Publications www.worldbank.org
GDNET - Global Development Network
British Library for Development Studies
www.blds.ids.ac.uk/blds


Slide 7

Access to Online Journals in Ghana
•
•
•
•

Google Scholar
Open Access Journals
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) http://www.doaj.org
AGORA – Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture.
http://www.aginternetwork.org/en
• HINARI – Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative
http://www.who.int/hinari/en
• OARE – Online Access to Research in the Environment
http://www.oaresciences.org/about/en/index.html
• TEEAL – The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library.
http://teeal.cornell.edu


Slide 8

What not to Do with E-Resources
Plagiarism
• No copy and paste
• Not citing of references
• Not using appropriate citation format
• Turnitin software

8


Slide 9

Open Access
• Open Access (OA) is free, permanent, web-based access to
scholarly publications.
• OA is the principle that research should be readily available
immediately after publication and to anyone with an Internet
connection.
• It is improving the way scholarly information is shared.
Peter Suber - Open Access Overview

http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm

9


Slide 10

Open Access Definition
• Budapest Open Access Initiative definition of OA:

“By Open Access to literature, we mean its free availability on the
public internet permitting users to read, down load, copy, distribute,
print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for
indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other
lawful purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers other
than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.
The only constraint on reproduction and distribution and the only
role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control
over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly
acknowledged and cited”
www.soros.org/openaccess/

10


Slide 11

What is OA
• Access to scholarly and research material usually digital.

• Free online access to published & peer-reviewed journal articles
through the internet.
• An approach to put together research results in the hands of every
prospective user.
• Open Access is provided when a researcher
- publishes an article in an Open Access journal.
- places a copy of his article, research and other works in an Open
Access Institutional repository (IR).

11


Slide 12

What is not OA
• OA is not self publishing.
• OA is not a means of by- passing peer review procedures for formal
publishing.
• OA is not a poor class publishing avenue.
• OA is not Free Access to information.

12


Slide 13

What are Open Access Publications?
• Research publications that are freely available on the internet, which
allow any user to read, download, copy, distribute or print the articles
or publications,… pass them as data to software, or use them lawfully ,
without any financial, legal, or technical barriers. The only constraint
when reproducing, and distributing, and for copyright is to give authors
control over the integrity of their work and to properly cite and
acknowledge them. (Budapest Open Access Initiative).
• In effect, an OA publication is one that is freely available on the internet
and can be freely used, on condition that the author is properly and
accurately acknowledged.

13


Slide 14

Gold & Green Open Access
• Gold - Open Access Journal
• Gold Publishing – Authors publishing in an Open access journal that
provides immediate open access to all the articles on the publisher’s
website.

• Green – Open Access Repositories
• Green Publishing – Authors publish in any journal and then self
archive the article in the institution’s repository or any other
repository, or an OA website for free use by the public.

14


Slide 15

Gold Open Access...
Characteristics
• The OA journals are peer reviewed and find it easier than nonOA journals to allow authors to retain copyright.
• Some OA journal publishers are non-profit (e.g.PLoS) and some
are for-profit (e.g. BMC).

• Organisations with an interest (academic/research institutions/
funder) in disseminating the content of the journal pay the
production costs of OA journals as publication fee to ensure
free access .
See list of OA journals in all fields and languages at DOAJ
(www.doaj.org)
•
15


Slide 16

Green Open Access...
Characteristics...
• OA repositories can be by discipline (e.g. arXiv for physics) or by
institution (eg. KNUSTSpace).
• OA IR portray the research output of an institution and authors,
making them visible globally and also for long-term
preservation.

• Content may be both peer-reviewed articles or not fully peerreviewed articles .
• Publishers permission required before archiving if copyright has
been transferred .

16


Slide 17

Green Open Access
Characteristics
• Every academic/ research institution should have an OAIcompliant OA IR, with a Policy that mandates its faculty/
researchers to deposit / archive their research output in it.
• May contain preprints and post-prints,(peer reviewed but not
copy-edited) of journal articles, dissertations , theses, data files,
courseware, institutional records, working papers, conference
proceedings, research data, monographs and books, multimedia
and audio-visual files and materials, Software, Patents, special
items and other research related output.
See list of global OA repositories at http://www.opendoar.org/
(Directory of Open Access Repositories(OpenDOAR) and
http://roar.eprints.org/ ( Registry of Open Access Repositories
(ROAR).
17


Slide 18

Mandated Open Access
• Several research funders now require their grantees (as a grant
condition) to place the publication of the research result in an OA
Repository. (see RoMEO's companion listing and JULIET for
analyses of the mandates and recommendations).

• The mandates state the condition for archiving before submission to
any journal so that if the journal does not allow OA archiving it
should not accept to publish the article.

18


Slide 19

Open Access Journal...
•

An Open Access journal is a scholarly journal that is freely available online to
readers with access to the Internet.

•

It is freely available online worldwide and does not rely on the traditional
subscription based business model where access to the contents of a journal
is through subscription for the publisher to generate revenue.

•

OA journal publishers use a funding model that does not charge readers or
their institutions (e.g. libraries) for access.

•

Enable developing countries to have access to research output from the
north.

•

Many are published with either the department or author or research grants
picking the page charges.

•
19


Slide 20

Open Access (OA) Journal…
Why Open Access Journals? dissatisfaction by :

•

Academics/Authors: their work is not seen by all their peers – do
not receive the recognition they deserve.

• Readers: cannot view all research literature they need – less
effective.
• Libraries: cannot satisfy information needs of their users as cost of
acquiring these journals keep going beyond their budgets.


Slide 21

Open Access (OA) Journal
Some Benefits
• Global recognition of authors since their articles will be seen by
readers world wide and more cited in other articles.
• No need for subscription management activities.
Some Challenges
• Finding means to exist since there are no subscriptions.
• Resistance from supporting institutions may discourage
• potential readers.
• Some subscribers may wait till after the 6 months embargo in order
to have it free, so loss of income.


Slide 22

Open Access (OA) Journals - Types
• Archival OA - Permit authors to archive pre-/post print in
institutional repository or own website
• Delayed OA -Provide free access 6-12 months after subscriber
access to print/online edition.
• Online OA- Provide free access to online edition, with subscriptions
retained for print edition.
• Development OA- Provide free access to institutions and
individuals in developing nations.
• Hybrid OA- Enable authors or institutions to purchase open access
for specific articles.
• Complete OA- Offer immediate access without restrictions, using
article fees and grants.


Slide 23

Open Access (OA) Journal List
Some OA Journal Lists
• Directory of Open Access Journals - Browse and search for Journals
and articles - www.doaj.org
• BioMed Central - www.biomedcentral.com/journals
• PubMed http ://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
• Scientific Electronic Library Online (sciELO).
www.scielo.org/index.php?lang=en
• PLoS www.plos.org/publications/journals
• Eprint.org- General information about OA and List of Archives


Slide 24

Open Access Journal Charges
Open access journals employ a combination of new business models,
among them:
• Article processing fee: when a paper is accepted for publication in
an open access journal, a fee is charged to the author’s institution /
research grant, which covers the cost of peer review, online
publication, etc.
• Uptake of Institutional membership: Researchers from member
institutions have the right to publish an unlimited number of research
articles in the journal without paying the article processing fee.

24


Slide 25

Some Types of Indexing Services...
CAB ABSTRACTS – www.cabi.org
• Lists high quality bibliographic research and development literature
in Agriculture, Forestry, Human health, Human nutrition, Animal
health, and Management and Conservation of Natural Resources,
since 1973.
MEDLINE - www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pmresources.html
• A bibliographic database of the National Library of Medicine of USA
listing bibliographic citations and author abstracts from several
journals published in the USA and 70 other countries for Medicine,
Nursing, Dentistry, Veterinary medicine, Health care system and
Pre-clinical sciences.


Slide 26

Some Types of Indexing Services...
PUBMED http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
Includes citations of a journal before it was selected for
indexing in MEDLINE and some life science journals that submit
their full text to PUBMED CENTRAL. Has links to the full text on
the website of the journal’s Publisher and places full text of
journals it accepts on Open Access.

PUBMED CENTRAL http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
It is a digital archive of Life Sciences journal literature with free
access to the full text of journal articles. Its Journals are
automatically included in PUBMED.
• .


Slide 27

Some Types of Indexing Services...
WEB of SCIENCE (ISI)
htp://scientificthomson.com/products/categories/citation/
Lists citations of most important research of the world from several high
impact international journals, books and proceedings in the Sciences,
Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities with cited reference searching in
various disciplines.
WEB of SCIENCE (ISI)
• ISI Proceedings –lists published literature from important
Conferences, Symposia, Seminars, Workshops, Colloquia and
Conventions held in the world.
• Derwent Innovations Index - a Patent resource listing millions of
basic inventions and patents from 40 patent issuing bodies.


Slide 28

Some Types of Indexing Services
DOAJ - www.doaj.org
• An indexing service for OA journals.
• Covers free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly
journals, covering all subjects and many languages
• Over 7600 journals on its list;
• Over 3700 journals can be searched at article level;
• Over 79,300 articles are included in the DOAJ service.


Slide 29

Institutional Repositories
• Publicly accessible repository (archive) where all the works
published by researchers/authors affiliated with the
university/academy can be posted online.
• Makes research works / authors globally visible for collaboration.
• Set up to provide OA to the research output and other information of
the institution.
• Contributes to the status of the institution by displaying the
intellectual output of the institution.

• Items deposited by self or mediated archiving methods
• OpenDoar.org- a directory of open access repositories


Slide 30

KNUST Repository
• KNUSTSpace http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui set up in
February 2009 and launched in July 2009.
• Located in the University Main Library and run by the Library Staff.
• Runs on the DSpace software which has been customized to suit
the University’s needs.
• Has a Policy to guide its operations.
• Registered with some international indexing services and repository
directories like OAI, ROAR, openDOAR, Wikipedia to enable the IR
to be searchable globally.
• Features theses and dissertations, journal articles, pre-prints,
speeches, conferences papers, patents
• As at today has 3760 theses, 234 speeches, 232 Research Articles
and 108 conference papers.

30


Slide 31

Researchers collaboration with Librarians
• Researchers channel their information needs to librarians.
• Librarians search and alert researchers of new journals and articles
- e-SDI service too.
• Researchers are trained in ICT and internet/ database/ online
journals searching skills.
• Researchers advocate at meetings and groupings for
- funding for libraries to support subscription to print / e-journals
and ICT facilities.
- setting up and populating IRs


Slide 32

Thank you
Any ??