MATHEMATICS Introduction to Multiplication • The aim of this powerpoint is to teach you the 2 to 12 times tables as well.

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Transcript MATHEMATICS Introduction to Multiplication • The aim of this powerpoint is to teach you the 2 to 12 times tables as well.

Slide 1

MATHEMATICS
Introduction to Multiplication


Slide 2

• The aim of this powerpoint is to teach you the 2 to 12 times

tables as well as highlight some key facts and patterns.
EITHER
• Take notes as you go along, include some examples and write

down any questions and your answers (which you can mark as
you go along) and complete the MyMaths lessons quoted!

OR
• At the end of the powerpoint, printout the notes called Calc5a


Slide 3

What is multiplication?
• Instead of repeatedly adding the same amount each time

we use multiplication (whose symbol is: ×).
• E.g. 5 + 5 + 5 + 5

=

4 lots of 5 = 4 × 5

• E.g. 7 + 7 + 7 = 3 lots of 7 = 3 × 7

• E.g. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 lots of 2 = 6 × 2


Slide 4

Multiplication is commutative
• When multiplying, it doesn’t matter which order the

numbers are in.
• E.g. 5 × 8 is worth the same as 8 × 5
• This is helpful if you know your 5 times table but are not

so good at your 8 times table!


Slide 5

Terms which tell you to multiply
• Words that tell you to multiply are as follows:

‘lots of’

‘times’

‘multiply’

‘product’

• The word ‘of’ also tells you to multiply particularly when

the calculation involves fractions.
• Other special terms are…

Double which tells you to multiply by 2
Treble or triple which tells you to multiply by 3
Quadruple which tells you to multiply by 4
• Adding the suffix ‘fold’ also tells you to multiply
• E.g. ‘It increased tenfold’ means it was multiplied by 10.


Slide 6

Learning your tables
• The best way to learn your tables is by rote…
• This is repeating them out loud, over and over to yourself

again and again, until your brain simply remembers them.
• The order we recommend you learning them is as follows:

2 then 10 then 5
THEN 11 then 9

THEN 3 then 4
THEN 6, 7, 8 and finally 12

• There are lots of resources and websites that can help

you to learn your tables.


Slide 7

Multiplication Grid
• BEFORE you continue with this powerpoint...
• Save and complete a 12 by 12 multiplication grid (a document

called: Mult12.xlsx) WITHOUT using a calculator
• IMPORTANT: Please TIME how long it takes you to complete

the whole grid. Write the date and time (along with the number
1 on the back of your grid).
• You will be asked to repeat this several times over the next few

lessons to see if you improve your time.
• Continue this powerpoint only AFTER you’ve complete your

timed grid…


Slide 8

Two Times Table
• Here is your 2 times table…
•1×2=2

• 7 × 2 = 14

•2×2=4

• 8 × 2 = 16

•3×2=6

• 9 × 2 = 18

•4×2=8

• 10 × 2 = 20

• 5 × 2 = 10

• 11 × 2 = 22

• 6 × 2 = 12

• 12 × 2 = 24


Slide 9

• All the numbers in the two times table are EVEN
• They all end in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8
• They can all be halved exactly to give a whole

number answer.
• If numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 they are ODD
• If you need practice at this table, work through the

MyMaths lesson called 2 Times Table found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTables02&taskID=1353


Slide 10

Ten Times Table
• Here is your 10 times table…
• 1 × 10 = 10

• 7 × 10 = 70

• 2 × 10 = 20

• 8 × 10 = 80

• 3 × 10 = 30

• 9 × 10 = 90

• 4 × 10 = 40

• 10 × 10 = 100

• 5 × 10 = 50

• 11 × 10 = 110

• 6 × 10 = 60

• 12 × 10 = 120


Slide 11

• All the numbers in the ten times table are EVEN

and they all end in 0.
• They can all be halved exactly to give a whole

number answer.
• If you multiply ANY whole number by 10, you can

write it out with a zero on the end for the answer.
(Watch out – this trick does NOT work for
decimals!)
• E.g. 512 × 10 = 5120


Slide 12

Five Times Table
• Here is your 5 times table…
•1×5=5

• 7 × 5 = 35

• 2 × 5 = 10

• 8 × 5 = 40

• 3 × 5 = 15

• 9 × 5 = 45

• 4 × 5 = 20

• 10 × 5 = 50

• 5 × 5 = 25

• 11 × 5 = 55

• 6 × 5 = 30

• 12 × 5 = 60


Slide 13

• All the numbers in the five times table end in 5 or 0.
• Some are odd and some are even. If EITHER of the

numbers in the multiplication are even, then the
answer will be even.
• If BOTH numbers in the multiplication are odd, then

the answer will be odd.
• The numbers in the 5 times table are HALF of the

numbers in the 10 times table…
• E.g. 8 × 5 is half of 8 × 10 (i.e. ½ of 80 ) = 40


Slide 14

Three Times Table
• Here is your 3 times table…
•1×3=3

• 7 × 3 = 21

•2×3=6

• 8 × 3 = 24

•3×3=9

• 9 × 3 = 27

• 4 × 3 = 12

• 10 × 3 = 30

• 5 × 3 = 15

• 11 × 3 = 33

• 6 × 3 = 18

• 12 × 3 = 36


Slide 15

• Did you know that if a number is in the 3 times table,

its digits will also add to a total that is in the 3 times
table?
• E.g. Is 45032 in the 3 times table?

Check: 4 + 5 + 0 + 3 + 2 = 14
14 is NOT in the 3 times table
so neither is 45032!
• If you need practice, work through the MyMaths lesson

called 3 Times Table found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTables03&taskID=1357


Slide 16

Four Times Table
• Here is your 4 times table…
•1×4=4

• 7 × 4 = 28

•2×4=8

• 8 × 4 = 32

• 3 × 4 = 12

• 9 × 4 = 36

• 4 × 4 = 16

• 10 × 4 = 40

• 5 × 4 = 20

• 11 × 4 = 44

• 6 × 4 = 24

• 12 × 4 = 48


Slide 17

• As 4 is an even number, ALL the numbers in the

four times table are even (so they can all be
halved exactly to give a whole number answer).
• The numbers in the 4 times table are DOUBLE

the numbers in the 2 times table…
• E.g. 8 × 4 is double 8 × 2, i.e. double 16 = 32


Slide 18

Eleven Times Table
• Here is your 11 times table…
• 1 × 11 = 11

• 7 × 11 = 77

• 2 × 11 = 22

• 8 × 11 = 88

• 3 × 11 = 33

• 9 × 11 = 99

• 4 × 11 = 44

• 10 × 11 = 110

• 5 × 11 = 55

• 11 × 11 = 121

• 6 × 11 = 66

• 12 × 11 = 132


Slide 19

• Did you notice that up to 9 x 11 = 99, the tens and

units digits are the same?
• The numbers in the 11 times table are the numbers in

the 10 times and 1 times tables added together…
• E.g. 8 × 11 is (8 × 10) + (8 × 1)
80
+
8
= 88

• Ask your teacher (or read through the Calc5a notes

carefully) to demonstrate the quick method for
multiplying any 2-digit number by 11!


Slide 20

Nine Times Table
• Here is your 9 times table…
•1×9= 9

• 7 × 9 = 63

• 2 × 9 = 18

• 8 × 9 = 72

• 3 × 9 = 27

• 9 × 9 = 81

• 4 × 9 = 36

• 10 × 9 = 90

• 5 × 9 = 45

• 11 × 9 = 99

• 6 × 9 = 54

• 12 × 9 = 108


Slide 21

• Did you notice that as the tens values increase by 1, the

units values decrease by 1 and that up to ’90’, the two digits
add up to 9?
• Like the 3 times table, when you add the digits of any

number together, if their total is in the 9 times table so is the
original number!
• The numbers in the 9 times table are the difference between

the numbers in the 10 times and 1 times tables…
• E.g. 7 × 9 is (7 × 10) – (7 × 1)
70

7
= 63
• Ask your teacher (or read through the Calc5a notes) to show

you the ‘fingers’ method for the 9 times table!


Slide 22

Six Times Table
• Here is your 6 times table…
•1×6= 6

• 7 × 6 = 42

• 2 × 6 = 12

• 8 × 6 = 48

• 3 × 6 = 18

• 9 × 6 = 54

• 4 × 6 = 24

• 10 × 6 = 60

• 5 × 6 = 30

• 11 × 6 = 66

• 6 × 6 = 36

• 12 × 6 = 72


Slide 23

• As 6 is an even number, ALL the numbers in the four

times table are even (so they can all be halved exactly to
give a whole number answer).
• The numbers in the 6 times table are DOUBLE the

numbers in the 3 times table…
• E.g. 8 × 6 is
double 8 × 3
double 24 = 48

• If you need practice, work through the MyMaths lesson

called 6 Times Table found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTables06&taskID=1359


Slide 24

Seven Times Table
• Here is your 7 times table…
•1×7= 7

• 7 × 7 = 49

• 2 × 7 = 14

• 8 × 7 = 56

• 3 × 7 = 21

• 9 × 7 = 63

• 4 × 7 = 28

• 10 × 7 = 70

• 5 × 7 = 35

• 11 × 7 = 77

• 6 × 7 = 42

• 12 × 7 = 84


Slide 25

• I’m afraid that the 7 times table does not have

any patterns in it – you will need to learn it by rote
or use all your knowledge of all the other tables to
work out its values.
• If you need practice, work through the MyMaths

lesson called 7 Times Table found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTables07&taskID=1361


Slide 26

• Are you good at doubling (i.e. multiplying by 2) and

can you multiply by 5 easily?
• The numbers in the 7 times table are either the

numbers in the 5 and 2 times tables added
together…
• E.g. 6 × 7 is (6 × 5) + (6 × 2)
30 + 12 = 42
• OR
• the difference between the numbers in the 10 and 3
times tables…
• E.g. 6 × 7 is (6 × 10) – (6 × 3)
60 – 18 = 42


Slide 27

Eight Times Table
• Here is your 8 times table…
•1×8= 8

• 7 × 8 = 56

• 2 × 8 = 16

• 8 × 8 = 64

• 3 × 8 = 24

• 9 × 8 = 72

• 4 × 8 = 32

• 10 × 8 = 80

• 5 × 8 = 40

• 11 × 8 = 88

• 6 × 8 = 48

• 12 × 8 = 96


Slide 28

• As 8 is an even number, ALL the numbers in the four

times table are even (so they can all be halved exactly to
give a whole number answer).
• The numbers in the 8 times table are DOUBLE the

numbers in the 4 times table which are in turn, double the
numbers in the 2 times table…
• E.g. 7 × 8 is
double 7 × 4
which is…
double double 7 × 2
double double 14  double 28 = 56
• The numbers in the 8 times table are the difference

between the numbers in the 10 and 2 times tables…
• E.g. 7 × 8 is (7 × 10) – (7 × 2)
70 – 14 = 56


Slide 29

Twelve Times Table
• Here is your 12 times table…
• 1 × 12 = 12

• 7 × 12 = 84

• 2 × 12 = 24

• 8 × 12 = 96

• 3 × 12 = 36

• 9 × 12 = 108

• 4 × 12 = 48

• 10 × 12 = 120

• 5 × 12 = 60

• 11 × 12 = 132

• 6 × 12 = 72

• 12 × 12 = 144


Slide 30

• As 12 is an even number, ALL the numbers in the 12

times table are even (so they can all be halved exactly to
give a whole number answer).
• The numbers in the 12 times table are DOUBLE the

numbers in the 6 times table which in turn are double the
numbers in the 3 times table…
• E.g. 8 × 12 is
double 8 × 6 which is…
double double 8 × 3
double double 24  double 49 = 96
• The numbers in the 12 times table are the numbers in the

10 times and 2 times tables added together…
• E.g. 8 × 12 is (8 × 10) + (8 × 2)
80 + 16
= 96


Slide 31

What next?
• If you haven’t made any notes or copied any examples, questions and

answers out during this presentation, print out the notes called
Calc5a. Read through them and make sure you answer any
questions.
• To practice your tables, in addition to the MyMaths lessons already

listed throughout this powerpoint, please work through the following
ones too…
• Mixed Tables 2,5,10 found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTablesBronze&taskID=1356

• Mixed Tables 3,4,6 found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTablesSilver&taskID=1360

• Mixed Tables 7,8,9 found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTablesGold&taskID=1364

• Mixed Tables 2 to 12 found at:
http://www.mymaths.co.uk/tasks/library/loadLesson.asp?title=MultiplyDivide/timesTablesDiamond&taskID=1367

• Now move on to the Calc5b-MentalM powerpoint