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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

”PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ROMANIA”
BETWEEN 2014 – 2020”
25/27, June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

LEACHATE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES:
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES

Dipl. Ing. EMILIAN GHERDAN - CEO

Dipl. Ing. (FH) HUBERT WIENANDS - CTO

EURITEH SRL

WEHRLE Umwelt GmbH, Germany

Homepage: www.euriteh.ro

Homepage: www.wehrle-environmental.com

E-Mail: [email protected]

E-Mail: [email protected]

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Overview
A: Basic Information about leachate treatment
B: Case Studies process combination (Elimination concept)
B1: MBR in leachate and MBT plants
B2: MBR + Activated Carbon
B4: MBR + Nanofiltration + Activated Carbon

C: Case Studies process combination (Concentration concept)
C1: RO for raw leachate treatment

D: Case Studies process combination (Elimination + Concentration concept)
D1: MBR + Nanofiltration
D2: MBR + Reverse osmosis

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Organic compounds in landfill leachate
COD in (mg/l)

BOD in mg/l

AOX in mg/l

2.500 – 30.000

300 – 15.000

0,5 – 4,0

inorganic compounds 1,6-14,3 g

inorganic compounds in landfill leachate
nitrogen compounds
0,3 – 2 g

main salts
1,3 – 12,3 g

heavy metals
0,0005 – 0,004 g

Na
12%

NO2-H
0,2%

NO3-N
2,2%

Cl
17%

Ka
8%

Pb
13%
Cu
10%

Mg
2%
Ca
3%
HCO3
53%

NH4-H
97,6%

Ni
18%

SO4
5%
Fe
0%

As
2%
Hg
Cd
0,2%
1%

Cr
18%

Zn
38%

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Which harmfull substances we have to reduce in the leachate?
 COD, BOD

 Nitrogen compounds
 Heavy metalls
 AOX Adsorbed organic halogens
 Hard, non biodegrable COD
 Carbon hydroxides

A reduction of the salts depends on the river quantity and quality,

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Examples for International Effluent Values
COD
in mg/l
Sewage
plant

Chloride
in mg/l

NH4-N
%

River

Sewage
plant

mg/l
River

Sewage
plant

River

400

200

No requirements

Spain

1.500

160

France

1.000

200

or depending
on the flow of
the river

GB

1.000

200

0…95%

<10%

no requirements

Germany

500 -1.000
mg Cl-/l

China

1.500

100

Greece

750

125

Romania

1.000

100

Requirements

Poland

1.000

125

500 -1.000
mg Cl-/l

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Is it necessary to reduce the salt in each leachate treatment plant?
Chlorid emmission from a landfill in t/a
100 m3/d

150 m3/d

200 m3/d

500 mg/l Cl

18 t/a

27 t/a

36 t/a

1.000 mg/l Cl

36 t/a

54 t/a

72 t/a

1.500 mg/l Cl

55 t/a

77 t/a

110 t/a

Only in Germany we put 1.6 Mio t/a Salt in average on the road

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Treatment concept based upon Elimination or concentration?
Elimination of harmfull
substances

Concentration of harmfull
and non
harmfull substances

Anaerobic Biology

Flocculation and precipitation

Aerobic Biology

Ultrafiltration

Activated Carbon

Nanofiltration

Chemical Oxidation

Reverse Osmosis

Incineration

Evaporation

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

reduction of organic parameters in a biological treatment step (MBR)
with fully nitrification
BOD/COD

COD elim.

BOD effluent

NH4-N effluent

0,2

60 – 70 %

< 5 mg/l

< 10 mg/l

0,3

70 – 80%

< 5 mg/l

< 10 mg/l

0,4

80 – 90 %

< 5 mg/l

< 10 mg/l

0,5

90 – 98 %

< 5 mg/l

< 10 mg/l

Conditions for a fully nitrification process:
 pH optimum between 6.8 and 7.2 – no inhibition
 O2 concentration between 1.0 – 2.5 mgO2/l
 Sludge age > 15 d
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Partial BOD reduction
Partial Nitrification
NF
96 - 99 %
COD eli.

Reverse Osmosis
96 - 99 % COD eli.
NH4-N reten.> 97 %
MBR
65 - 90 % COD elimination
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

RO
Chloride
retention

3 Step RO
96 - 99 % COD eli.
NH4-N retention > 97 %

NF
96 - 99 %
COD eli.

MBR
65 - 90 % COD elimination
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

Fully Nitrification
AK
90 - 96 %
COD eli.

MBR
65 - 90 % COD elimination
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

“Hard” COD elimination

MBR
65 - 90 % COD elimination
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

MBR
65 - 90 % COD elimination
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

SBR Nitrifikation
90 - 98 % BOD eli.
NH4-N < 100 mg/l

SBR
50 - 90 % BOD
reduction

Aerated
Lagoon

EFFLUENT REQUIREMENT LEVEL

Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Possible treatment combinations
Salt / Chloride retention

TECHNOLOGY LEVEL
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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Agenda

B: Case Studies Prozess combination
(Elimination concept)

B 1: MBR Plants in landfill leachate and
Mechanical solid waste treatment (MBT)
plants

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

flow sheet: MBR with external membranes

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Leachate from municipal solid waste
landfill, Laogang Shanghai



Daily flow: 3 loops total 4,750 m3/d



Inlet concentration:
COD:
NH4-N:

11,500 mg/l
1,400 mg/l



Process / Equipment units:
Membrane Bioreactor



Project:
Designed and built by WEHRLE
operated by the client.
Commissioning: 2011



Outlet concentration:
COD:
1,000 mg/l
NH4-N:
150 mg/l

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Agenda

B: Case Studies Prozess combination
(Elimination concept)

B 2: MBR Plants with activated carbon

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) + activated carbon (AC)
flow scheme

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Leachate plant
CAP LORIENT / FRANCE



Daily Flow:



Inlet concentration:
COD:
NH4-N:



2.500 mg/l
1.000 mg/l

Outlet concentrations:
COD:
NH4-N:

300 mg/l
50 kg/d

Plant concept:

Denitrification:
Nitrification:
Ultrafiltration:
Activated carbon:



140 m3/d

2 * 25 m3
3 * 25 m3
Cross Flow
2 * 10 m3

Commissioning: 2003

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Agenda

B: Case Studies Prozess combination
(Elimination concept)

B 3: MBR plus nanofiltration and physikalchemical concentrate treatment

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) + Nanofiltration [+ physical/chemical treatment]

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Country
Tirol

Leachate from municipal solid waste
landfill, Riederberg / Austria



Daily flow:



Inlet concentration:
COD:
NH4-N:
AOX:
Cl-:



80 m3/d
Outlet concentration:
15,000 mg/l
3,500 mg/l
2 mg/l
8.000 mg/l

COD:
NH4-N:
AOX:
Cl-:

< 300 mg/l
< 10 mg/l
< 0,5 mg/l
8.000mg/l

Process / Equipment units:
MBR BIOMEMBRAT® plus
Nanofiltration +Activated Carbon



Project:
Designed, built and operated by
WEHRLE Umwelt GmbH
Commissioning: 2012

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Separative efficency
membrane processes
0 % NH3-N

50-95 % NH3-N

120 bar
75 bar
50 bar
15 – 25 bar
100 % NH3-N

5-50 % NH3-N

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Agenda

C: Case Studies Prozess combination
(concentration concept)

C1: Reverse Osmosis (multi stage)

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

REVERSE OSMOSIS - Principle

Natural

Dilute
Solution

Concentrated
Solution

Equal
Concentration

Equal
Concentration

Semi-permeable
membrane

Osmotic
Pressure

Reversa
Reverse

Permeate
Permeado
Pressur
Pressão

e

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Flow scheme of two stage reverse osmosis plant

concentrate RO back
to landfill site
Antiscalant
sulfuric acid 50 or 98 %

leachate from lagune
RO1
pretreatment
sandfiltration
Permeate RO1
RO2

Permeate RO2

Concentrate RO2

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Original Leachate Treatment

Spiral wounded
0.45 mil spacer

+ Suitable in low solid
concentration and with a
Sandfilter as pretreatment
+ Suitable for higher solid
concentrations
+ CD Plate membrane
+ 150 – 200 €/m2

Posttreatment (MBR)

Spiral wounded
0.28 mil spacer

+ Suitable with a pretreatment UF or MF

+ suitable in the first stage
of a multistep RO

+ suitable in a second stage
of a multistep RO

+ membrane replacement
cost appr. 60 – 40 €/m2

+ membrane replacement
cost appr. 40 – 20 €/m2
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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Reverse Osmosis Plant – spiral wounded membranes
Daily flow:

175 m3/d

Landfill Grammatiko, Greece

Inlet concentration:
COD:
2,000 mg/l
Ntot:
1,800 mg/l

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Reverse Osmosis Plant Da Phuoc, Vietnam – disk membrane

Daily flow:

240 m3/d

Inlet concentration:

COD:
NH4-N:
Conductivity:

20,000 mg/l
800 mg/l
25,000 µS/cm

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Increasing Conductivity after starting concentrate recycling,
Landfill Stade, Germany
50,0

concentrate back to the landfill ?
45,0

Leitfähigkeit Rohsickerwasser

35,0

30,0

25,0

20,0

15,0

10,0

5,0
Beginn Konzentratrückführung auf Deponie

Dez 99

Nov 99

Okt 99

Sep 99

Aug 99

Jul 99

Jun 99

Mai 99

Apr 99

Mrz 99

Feb 99

Jan 99

Dez 98

Nov 98

Okt 98

Sep 98

Jul 98

Aug 98

Jun 98

Mai 98

Apr 98

Mrz 98

Feb 98

Jan 98

Dez 97

Nov 97

Okt 97

Sep 97

Aug 97

Jul 97

Jun 97

Mai 97

Apr 97

Mrz 97

Feb 97

0,0
Jan 97

Leitfähigkeit Rohsickerwasser [mS/cm]

40,0

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Agenda

D: Case Studies Prozess combination
(ellimination + concentration concept)

D1: MBR + 1 stage RO and concentrate
rejection in the landfill

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Landfill leachate, Djebel Chékir / Tunisia



Daily flow:



Inlet concentrations:
COD:
NH4-N:
Cl-:
Condictivity:



440 m3/d

30,000 mg/l
4,000 mg/l
18.000 mg/l
40.000 uS/cm



Outlet concentrations:

COD:
NH4-N:
Cl-:

90 mg/l
< 5 mg/l
< 1.000 mg/l

Process / Equipment units:
Flotation +
MBR BIOMEMBRAT® +
RO



Project:
Designed and built by
WEHRLE Umwelt GmbH,
operated by the client
Commissioning: 2012

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Agenda

D: Case Studies Prozess combination
(ellimination + concentration concept)

D2: MBR + Nanofiltration and concentrate
rejection in the landfill

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Landfill Leachate,
Hamici / Algeria



Daily flow:



Inlet concentration:

SPA. AMENHYD

80 m3/d

COD:
NH4-N:





Outlet concentration:
COD:
NH4-N:

500 mg/l
50 mg/l

10,000 mg/l
2,650 mg/l

Process / Equipment Units:
Membrane Bioreactor BIOMEMBRAT®
Nanofiltration



Project:
Designed and built by WEHRLE
operated by the client



Commissioning: 2014

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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Comparision between NF Concentrate and RO Concentrate rejection

10 - 15 % NF-Konz.
COD 6.000 mg/l, SO4,
NO3-N, NH4-N < 10

25 - 40 % RO-Konz.
COD 40 g/l, Cl, SO4,
NH4-N 5.000 mg/l

Cl, SO4, COD < 100mg/l
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

COD < 100mg/l
NH4-N < 10 mg/l

NANOFILTRATION

REVERSE OSMOSE

Cl, SO4, COD ca. 1.000 mg/l,
NH4-N< 10 mg/l

ULTRAFILTRATION

MICRO/ULTRA

BIOLOGIE

SANDFILTER

100 % Leachate
COD ca. 10 g/l, BOD, TKN, TP,
Cl, SO4, Ca, Na,

concentrate back to the landfill ?
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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

Conclusion from WEHRLE experience about more then 25 years and
over 250 installations in landfill leachate or MBT waste water treatment


Leachate treatment is difficult, but possible – more than 1.000 plants over whole Europe can be visited.
Be carefull in new technologies and new treatment concepts, at least the risk´s are on landfill
operators side!



landfill leachate contains harmfull pollutants - elimination is prefer to concentration!



It is recommend to choose in the first treatment step an efficient biological process which can reach a
maximum biological reduction. (NH4-N < 10 mg/l). In a post treatment step activated carbon or
membran technology are more sustainable and cost effective (in comparison to an partly biological
treatment in (low investment) SBR)



Leachate has a high buffer capacity, so all treatment processes, where a pH change is necessary are
very critical and has failed over the past 25 years (electroflotation and coagulation, stripping) .



direct filtration technologies (RO) or other concentration technologies produce liquid residuals. Re filtration of liquid residuals in the landfill are precarious and reduce the plant performance on the long
end. (increasing of the buffer system, corrosion, higher concentrate amount) – and beside this it is not
allowed under the EU landfill directive!!!!



If possible, drain off the salts and do not lead them back into the landfill. This will ensure a stable
operation on a long-term basis. If a Chloride reduction is required, separate the chlorides after the
reduction of all the organics and the nitrogens. That gives new possibilities to dispose the salty
concentrate.
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Leachate treatment technologies
26 June, 2014, Mamaia, Romania

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Questions? Please contact:

EMILIAN GHERDAN - CEO
EURITEH SRL

Homepage: www.euriteh.ro
E-Mail: [email protected]
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